December 2, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
503 
entries, almost all of which were a distinct adv me! on last year. First prize 
went by a few marks to H. S. Boyd, Esq., Snirmount (gardener Mr. Keating), 
second prize to Mrs. Malcomson (Mr. Crehan) ; commended, R. W. Smith, 
Esq., Cahir ; Mrs. Bagwell, Mr. Clibborn, and Miss Jellico. In Mr. Boyd’s 
stand was the first Chrysanthemum at the Show, really bright, large and 
beautiful, two blooms of Belle Paule, fresher, but not larger than Mr. Clib- 
born’s. Messrs. Phelan and Clibborn were the winners with reflexed blooom- 1 , 
and for Anemones Messrs. H. S. Boyd, Clibborn, Phelan, and Crehan. 
Fruit was well represented, Grapes, Apples, and Pears being shown in 
good condition by Mrs. Malcomson, Mrs. Crehan, Coolgreany (Mr. Burke, 
gardener), and Mrs. Bagwell. 
NEW YORK. 
The Exhibition of Chrysanthemums by the New York Horticultural 
Society, beginning November 2, and ending the following Sabbath evening, 
was the finest show ever made by this organisation, all things considered. 
The first day or two of the Exhibit'on some of the flowers had not fully 
panded (on account of the backward condition of bloom in this locality, 
which was about four days later than last season), and many persons 
expressed disappointment, but every day the flowers opened wider, and the 
Show was handsomer, and everyone was delighted who came to criticise the 
queen of autumn. 
The majority of plants entered were of the bush form ; these were from 
3 to 5 feet high, and about the same in diameter. The Japanese and 
Chinese types were about equil in nnmber. There was a fine show of the 
Anemone-flowered, which appears in all types, and the Pompons held their 
own in the display, and received an ample share of admiration. As many 
as 1200 flowers were co anted upon several of the plants. The standards 
were from 6 to 9 feet high, and their heads of bloom towered over the lower 
plants with fine effect. These were plants trained as fans, which were 
admirable for a growing design in this plant. These fans were about 8 feet 
high, and were most gracefully spread out with flowers like an open fan at 
the top of the tall stem. 
The arrangement of the Cnrysanthemum plants with backgrounds of 
crimson-tinted Oak trees, Hemlocks, Spruce, and Irish Junipers, was 
•extremely tasteful, suitable, and effective. From the balconies of Cosmo¬ 
politan Hall to the floor these forest trees were spread out in a trellis, and 
at intervals platforms were raised, on which the bush plants were placed, 
those of the Chinese type one side the hall, and the Japanese opposite. 
Through the centre of the building were large oval parterres of plants, 
with specimen Palms and other decorative foliage massed in a large bed 
near the west end of the building wlitre the Japanese garden was laid out. 
As viewed from the balcony above, all the effects in the hall were 
irregular and informal; there were no straight paths, but it seemed a maze 
of the fleecy blossoms—a zig-zag of patterns—a crazy quilt of colour and 
confused devices. One of the best features of the Exhibition was the entire 
transformation of the hall by the changing about of the plants. A re¬ 
arrangement of the foliage plants was the first move made. They were 
taken from their mas-ings and placed singly among the Chrysanthemums, 
or in small groups ; the effect was to heighten and add a fantastic grace. 
When the Judges had made their decisions and there was no longer a need 
for keeping the classes of plants together, the competitive arrangement was 
changed to a grand ornamental display. All the golden Chrysanthemums 
were massed in the centre of the hall. The amaranth-tinted ones were put 
together, and so were the whites, the crimsons, and the red-and-yellow 
variegated lot that looked like burning bushes, so flame-tipped were the 
petals. The electric lights were lowered, so they rested like meteors among 
the plants ; an exquisite effect was made with a Dracaena Draco lifted above 
white flowers, with a ball of light which seemed tossed up from its fountain¬ 
like leaves. The blooms of the Mrs. Grover Cleveland seedling, which 
were extraordinarily b autiful, were flooded with light, rising as these did 
in the centre of the hall. 
The stages which were erected so that the plants placed upon them 
presented inclined planes of bloom, were defined by the needle-like Irish 
Junipers, which, as they pierced the field of flowers, were sharply effective, 
(fount de Germiny in bush ana standard, President Cleveland, Gloriosum, 
Gluck, Belle Paule, Gloire Rayonnante, Eugene Lanjaulet, Pink of Per¬ 
fection, Madame Croisette, John Thorpe, jun., Fair Marguerite, Fleur de 
Marie, Salamon, Lord Wolseley. Incarnation, and many other plants and 
blossoms, excited the admiration of the crowds that passed the plants or 
leaned over the tables where the cut flowers were placed. The Pompons, 
Othello, Lucretia, and Mrs. Hazlet were prominent in their type, and old 
“ Bob ” never looked more brilliant. Among the maroon flowers Etienne 
Celli, Black Doug'as, Rob rt Wolcott, and Hon. John Welsh received a 
large share of praise. George Sand, in the Anemone-flowered type, was 
conspicuously beautiful. 
The choicest standard plants and the new Japanese seedlings were 
arranged in the Japane-e garden, where there were two bamboo summer 
houses profusely hung with curios—fans, parasols, umbrellas, scrolls, and 
panels. Blooming plants were twined in and out of these structures, and 
each side of them were quantities of cut flowers, baskets richly filled with 
•bloom, and pots of growth on which but one flower had been brought out. 
The latter flowers were of enormous size and remarkable shapes and colours. 
Most of them were named after Japanese celebrities. A native Japanese 
sat in each summerhouse, where he painted fans and screens, which were 
sold at reasonable prices. 
A “ grandmother's garden ” was one of the features of the Exhibition, 
and served as a centre where the contrast between a tangle of neglected 
growth, such as was usually the rule in the old-fashioned garden, and the 
wealth of carefully trained specimens, could be considered. The variety of 
plants iu the little nook devoted i o Artemisias and Dianthus were extremely 
limited; but the spraw ing, unkempt growth was enticing, as are all the 
loose, grassy arrangements of eith r plantsman or florist. 
There were but few entries of designs in response to the prizes offered 
by the wholesale florist. Tbree screens and one, I believe, “ table ” design 
—whatever the latter was intended for. It was a complication of go'den 
flowers and golden fish, at which I must draw the line of all criticism. 
There were two screens, one of four, and the other with three panels. These 
were very elaborat ly woven into patterns of Greek designs and landscapes 
of Japanese scenes with great e'everuess and finish. In relief upon them 
were oaken boughs and flocking birds, and fern tie figures most effectively 
applied. This work was done by A. Le Moult, always a man of ideas. He 
took the grand and special prize, while C. Thorley received the second 
prize for a screen that was ingeniously scattered over wiih Vines blooming 
with Chrysanthemums, the stems of which here and there were plunged in 
antique pitchers fastened to the panels by sashes of satin. 
The pitcher prize, a silver cup, was awarded to Richard Brett, who also 
took prize A, “ by a Member.” B, the W. S. Allen prize, to A. Le Moult 
first, and J. E. Thorley second. D, combination prize, to A. Le Moult. 
In the entries for seedlings the following were awarded certificates of 
me it:—Jas. R. Pitcher for seedling, John Thorpe; E. M. Allen for Mrs. 
Ackers Allen; Hallock aud Thorpe for Japanese seedlings, CountZbrowski, 
Mrs. Grover Cleveland, Prince Komisky, and Success. 
The exhibitors were Hallock & Tnorpe, Queens, L. I.; Julius Scharff, 
Floral Park, Queens, L. I. ; Walter Coles, Claymont, Del.; Richard Brett, 
Short Hills, N. J.; Geo. Matthews, G eat Neck, L. I. ; Peier Henderson, 35, 
Cortlandt Street, N. Y. ; E. M. Allen, 356, Pearl Street, N. Y. ; Thos. H. 
Spaulding, Orange, N. J. ; John Dallas, Fairfield, Conn.; W. C. Wilson, 
Astoria, L. I. ; A. Le Moult. 174, Broadway, N. Y. ; J. E. Thorley, 343, 
Broadway, N.Y. —(The American Florist.) 
PLANTING ROSES. 
Roses often fail to do satisfactorily because planting is delayed until 
ate in the season, and the trying weather and cutting winds of March tell 
upon them to such an extent that puny growth in some cases, and death 
in others, result. The season for planting has now arrived, and it may 
be well to draw attention at this period tr the importance of early 
planting if good growth and fairly fine flowers are to be produced next 
summer. 
Planting in early autumn is sometimes delayed by over-pressure of 
work in other departments, but more generally perhaps through pro¬ 
crastination. When time is lost early in the season ungenial weather 
stops the preparation of the ground, or heavy rains render it unsuitable 
for planting. Frost often delays the operation, and the plants if received, 
which is frequently the case, are laid in for weeks, and it may be for 
months. This is no advantage to the Roses, and to get them in they are 
planted when the ground is in an unfit state. It is much better to allow 
them to remain heeled in than to plant them wflien the soil is saturated. 
1 am more than ever convinced that planting, say in the early part of 
November, is preferable to planting during any other month of the 
season. 1 do not say that Roses planted during the following month will 
not do well, for I have proved the contrary, if they could be got in when 
the soil was in a suitable condition. But delays are dangerous. I re¬ 
member a few years ago that Roses arrived in November, and the ground 
not being ready could not be planted before the end of January or some 
time during that month, and then the soil was not in good condition, 
and the Roses were never satisfactory until they were lifted and 
replanted. 
Some may think it too early to prepare the ground for this purpose, 
but such is not the case, and those who practise it will soon discover that 
the work usually done during the winter has been wonderfully advanced 
by having the ground made ready early in the season. Planting one 
hundred or even a thousand Roses does not occupy very much time, but 
the preparation of the ground for them is a more serious matter. 
The position selected f r Roses should be as open as possible, so that 
every ray of sunlight will be able to reach the plants, and where abundance 
of air will play freely amongst their branches. In order to provide shelter 
for Roses many grave mistakes have been made, and the beds or Rose 
garden made too near large trees, the roots of which have entered the soil 
provided for the Roses and quickly robbed it of its fertility.. Roses should 
not he planted in the vicinity of large forest trees, for their roots travel 
often further than many suppose, and in a season or two result in the 
Roses doing unsatisfactorily. It is much better to plant Roses in an 
exposed position than select such places for them, for they can endure 
wind and exposure much better than poverty of soil. This is not all, for 
such shelter robs the plants of air, which is essential to their well-being. 
Shelter is certainly advantageous if it can be provided without excluding 
air and sunshine, or robbing the plants of food by the extension of the 
roots of trees. Evergreens, the roots of which do not extend far, are 
preferable to trees for providing shelter. _ 
The site selected should also be well drarned, so that superfluous 
water will pass away, for although Roses should never be dry at their 
roots they cannot endure to have them in soil that is too wet during the 
greater part of the year. Drainage not only renders the soil drier but 
warmer and more fertile than land that has not been drained. All soils 
do not need artificial drainage, for the subsoil is often of a porous nature. 
On a formation of sandstone or gravel drainage is an evil. Excessive 
draining must be avoided, for during a spell of dry weather the plants 
suffer at their roots and soon become a prey to mildew. It is only a 
waste of time on heavy soils to dig out the beds or borders for the purpose 
of placing in brickbats for drainage. Such hcl .8 prove only to be recep- 
tacles for water, unless pipes are laid to carry the superabundance of 
water tbat may be collected to some outlet. I remember once lifting 
some Roses tbat had been planted two or three years before on this 
principle, and the drainage was full of water. . 
Roses dislike a shallow soil, and seldom grow with luxuriance. dney 
grow and do much better on shallow tenacious soils than they do on light 
sandy or gravelly ones. However, on heavy soils the root run should be 
as deep as possible. On light soils, when of a shal ow nature, some of the 
subsoil may with advantage be removed to a depth of 18 inches, or even 
2 feet, and filled with fertile soil of a suitable nature. When this is done 
there is much greater prospect of the plants doing satisfactorily than if 
they were planted in the shallow soil. Those who have practised only on 
