December 2, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
509 
flowering in May. The suckers must be suppressed from the plants to be 
preserved, and the branches after flowering in the autumn somewhat short¬ 
ened, so that the growths that follow issue from matured wood. It is in this 
direction that we must look for harvesting Chrysanthemum seed in this 
country, and it is within the bounds of possibility that new incurved varie¬ 
ties might be obtained by that practice, the Japanese are plentiful enough. 
It would no doubt encourage the development of the stamens and pistils of 
Chrysanthemums,which are usually obscured by clipping off, when matured, 
the florets that constitute the blooms. These, strictly speaking, are com¬ 
posite flow ers, one bloom may contain a considerable number'd florets. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters referring 
to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not necessarily required 
for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be 
named at once, and surplus fruits beyond that number cannot be preserved. 
\T A. P. Bromsgrooe). —Gravenstein. (G. R. J.). —Easter Beurre. (Jellico). 
—7, Cellini; 8, Blenheim Pippin ; 9, Margil; 10, Fearn’s Pippin ; 11, Stunner 
Pippin. (A. P. 0 .).—Brown BeurrA (C. H.). —1, Lord Grosvenor; 2, 
Golden Noble; 3, Waltham Abbey Seedling; 4, not known; 5, Dutch 
Mignonne ; 6, Cellini. (W. Jones). — 69, Dr. Harvey; 10, Thompson’s ; 14, 
Margil; 82, Yorkshire Greening ; 2, Cellini; 9, Doyenne BousFOch. (M. A). 
—1, Beurrh Clairgeau ; 2, Easter Beurre ; 3, Beurrb Diel; 4, Yicar of Wink- 
field ; 5, Olivier des Serres; 6, Reinette de Caux. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp mo9s or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
( W. M. M.). —The bloom is quite undeveloped. We do not think it is Lady 
Selborne ; it more resembles an inferior Elaine. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— December 1st. 
Prices remain the same. Grapes firmer. Trade quiet. 
FRUIT. 
i. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
S. 
a 
Apples. 
. k sieve 
i 
6 to 4 
0 
Melon . 
0 0 to 0 
0 
it Nova Scotia and 
Oranges .. .. 
6 0 
12 
0 
Canada 
per barrel 12 
0 
21 
0 
Peaches . 
per doz. 
0 0 
0 
0 
Cherries .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears. 
dozen 
1 0 
3 
0 
Cobs . 
. 109 lb. 60 
0 
70 
0 
Pine Apples English., lb. 
1 6 
2 
0 
Figs . 
. dozen 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Plums. 
4 sieve 
1 0 
2 
0 
G-raues. 
0 
6 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
..each 
4 0 
6 
0 
Lemons. 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries .. ., 
per lb. 
0 0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d 
8. d. 
8 
d 
Artichokes .. 
.. dozen 
l 
0 to 0 
0 
Lettuce . 
dozen 
1 0 
to 1 
6 
Asparagus 
.. bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
punnet 
0 6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
.. per lb 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
«. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
bunch 
0 3 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 0 
3 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
.. 4 sieve 
1 
6 
a 
0 
Parsnips . 
dozen 
1 0 
2 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 0 
S 
0 
Capsicums 
.. 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 0 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Khubarb. 
bundle 
0 2 
0 
6 
Cauliflowers .. 
., dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 0 
1 
0 
Celery .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera .. .. 
bundle 
1 6 
0 
0 
Coleworts doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Soakale .. ner basket 
1 6 
a 
0 
Cucumbers 
.. each 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Shallots. 
0 3 
0 
6 
Endive .. .. 
1 
0 
a 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
8 0 
4 
4 
Herbs .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. ,. 
0 6 
1 
0 
Leeks .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 4 
0 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi .. dozen 
9 
0 to 18 
0 
Ficus elastica 
.. each 
l 
6 to 
7 
0 
Arbor vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Fuchsia 
per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ (common) dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage Plants, var. each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Asters .. .. per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Heliotrope 
per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Bedding Plants, var. doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hydrangea .. 
por dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias .. .. dozen 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Ivy Geraniums 
per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemum .. dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Lilium auratum 
per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cockscombs per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lobelias .. .. 
per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cyperu3.dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracosna terminalis, dozen 30 
0 
60 
0 
Mignonette .. 
per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ viridis .. dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Musk .. .. 
per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erica, various .. dozen 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Myrtles .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ hyemalis per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var. 
.. each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
„ graoilis per dozen 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonymus, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums 
per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Primula sisensis 
per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns, in variety .. dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanums 
per doz. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
Abutilons 
B, 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
12 bunches 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
0 to 0 
0 
Arum Lilies .. 
12 blooms 
4 
0 
< 
0 
Marguerites .. 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Asters .. .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignonette .. 
12 bunches 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Azalea .. .. 
12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Narciss, Paper-white, bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Bouvardiaa .. 
per bunch 
0 
8 
1 
0 
„ White. English, bunch 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Camellias 
12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Carnations .. 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
8 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
6 
»» • • 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Roses .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 bches. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ (indoor), 
per dozen 
0 
6 
3 
0 
12 bloom 3 
0 
6 
3 
0 
„ Tea.. .. 
.. dozen 
0 
9 
8 
0 
Cornflower .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, red 
.. dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Dahlias 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parme Violets (French) 
4 
0 
6 
9 
Epiphyllum .. 
doz. blooms 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Primula (single) 
per bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Encharis .. 
per dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
„ (double) 
per bunch 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Gardenias .. 
12 blooms 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pyrethrum .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gladioli 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stephanotis .. 
12 sprays 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Hyacmths.Roman, 12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Stocks, various 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Tropjeolum .. 
12 bunches 
1 
6 
3 
0 
apagena, red 
. 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Tuberoses 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
1 
6 
„ longiflorum, 12 blms. 
0 
0 
8 
0 
Violets .. .. 
12 bunches 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lilac (white), French, bunch 
6 
0 
8 
0 
„ Czar, French, per bunch 
1 
t 
1 
9 
THE HOME FARM DAIRY. 
An inquiry about the quantity of milk given daily by 
cows from a correspondent reminds us that although we have 
recently written upon dairy cows, yet no particular mention 
has been made of dairy management, and we now purpose to 
offer a few hints upon a matter of such importance to our 
readers. 
First, then, to the query of our correspondent we reply 
that we have known instances among polled Norfolks and 
Suffolks of cows giving from 20 to 30 quarts of milk daily, 
but such cows are few and far between in any breed. We 
have had huge Shorthorns giving at the best only 9 or 10 
quarts daily, and we have had little Kerries giving 16 quarts 
daily. To be correct, we must own that only in one instance 
did we ever get so much milk from a Kerry. The average 
milk yield of these hardy and useful little cows is 12 quarts 
daily. Jersey cows are not generally deep milkers. There 
are, however, notable exceptions, such as Mr. Simpson’s cow 
“ Luna,” which in its first milking season gave 876 gallons 
of milk, in the second season 898, and in the third season 
816 gallons. In reference to this return a very high authority 
said it was rarely surpassed by cows of more than twice the 
size of “ Luna,” and is a powerful testimony to the extra¬ 
ordinary ability which, under generous treatment, the Jerseys 
possess for the production of a very large quantity of milk, 
the quality of which is superior to that of most other breeds 
of cattle. 
Of a herd of mixed-bred cows the following particulars 
may prove useful. The average of milk per cow yearly is 682 
gallons, the highest 963 gallons, the lowest 563 gallons. The 
per-centage of cream ranged from 11 to 17, according to the 
richness of the food. It was found in general that the larger 
the quantity of milk given the lower was the per-centage of 
cream. The average yield of butter for each 100 gallons of 
milk set 85 lbs. in winter and spring, and 30 lbs. in summer 
and autumn; the milk is set for twenty-four, thirty-six, or 
forty-eight hours, according to the season of the year—gene¬ 
rally thirty-six in summer, except in very hot weather, and 
forty-eight in winter. In cold weather the dairy is heated by 
means of a small furnace and flue place under one corner of 
it, and is kept at a uoiform temperature of from 48° to 50°. 
The cream is warmed to a temperature of 54° before being 
put into the churn, and the agitation of churning brings it 
up to 62°, at which the best results are obtained. Experi¬ 
ments tried in cold weather proved that the heating of the 
dairy and the cream before churning increased the return of 
the butter fully 20 per cent. Tbe quality was better, and it 
took a much shorter time to churn than when put in cold. 
The churn used is an 80 lbs. barrel churn turned by hand; 
forty minutes is the general time taken in churning. The 
butter is handled as little as possible in the washing; about 
1 lb. of salt is put to 50 lbs. of butter for roll butter for 
immediate home use or for market. If for the latter purpose 
each 1 lb. roll is folded in muslin and packed in trays in a 
wooden case. When unpacked the muslin is loosened in a 
pan of pure water, and then the butter is taken out free 
from taint or dust. Butter for keeping in pans or tubs has 
3 lbs. of salt to 70 lbs. of butter. 
We add a few hints from Sheldon’s great work on dairy 
farming. Milk should be carefully strained ; if hair or any 
particles of dust or dirt remain in it they will spoil the 
butter. Milk should be set in summer in shallow tinned 
pans, as souring stops the rising of the cream, which is a 
very slow process, and the great object should be to get as 
