Sphagnales. 17 
apophysis of many Bryales, an isolated epidermal cell remaining 
thin-walled and dividing into two “guard-cells,” but the partition-wall 
not splitting to form a pore (Fig. 68 a, b.) The ripe capsule is 
raised on a “ pseudopodium,” formed by elongation of the upper 
part of the axis of the female branch, the uppermost leaves of 
which become slightly separated, though the growth is greatest 
between these leaves and the sporogonium itself, so that the 
pseudopodium has a smooth surface and consists of elongated 
cells; the top of this apparent seta is occupied by the bulbous 
A B 
Fig. 68. Sphagnum acutipolium. A, stoma in surface view; B, part of 
longitudinal section of capsule, showing two stomata ; C, part of longitudinal 
section showing the annulus and part of the spore-sac, with developing spores. 
haustorium, which is separated from the capsule by a neck con¬ 
sisting of narrow pitted cells. The calyptra is ruptured irregularly 
by the slight expansion of the ripening capsule ; leaving a cup-like 
sheath; sometimes the rupture is transverse, so that the upper 
portion of the calyptra is pushed up like a cap, tipped by the 
archegonium neck, on the top of the capsule. 
Among the archegonia, as well as the antheridia, branching 
filaments sometimes occur, which were regarded by Schimper as 
paraphyses serving to keep the sexual organs moist. Doubt was 
