Methods of Reproduction in the Saprolegniacecz. 173 
In the formation of both sporocysts and oocysts, many cases 
were observed where the process of formation had been arrested at 
an early stage, owing to unfavourable conditions of the cultures. 
This results in the formation of a resting sporocyst, or gemma 
(p. 172, figs. 5-9). 
As in the case of the last species, the size and form of the 
gemmae varied very much, also the method of germination. 
In both forms of gemmae, i.e., resting sporocysts and resting 
oocysts, cases have been observed where the germination was 
entirely vegetative (p. 170, fig. 17 and p. 172, figs. 3, 8 and 9). The 
more usual method of germination on transference to a fresh water 
culture is to continue the process of sporocyst or oocyst formation. 
In the case of gemmae developing into sporocysts, two methods 
are found to occur. In the first place, the whole gemma may 
become directly transformed into a sporocyst with a tubular process 
through which zoospores escape (p. 170, figs. 13—16). 
In the second case, which, in this species, was the most general, 
the gemma develops a short tube terminating in a club-shaped 
swelling which develops directly into a secondary sporocyst 
discharging motile zoospores (p. 170, figs. 18 and 19). 
Cases have been observed where the germ-tube terminates in 
a secondary gemma, and one case is figured where the secondary 
gemma has germinated and in its turn produced a tertiary gemma 
(p. 172, fig. 6). 
In the case of the gemmae which give rise to oocysts, a 
secondary oocyst is invariably formed which may be directly 
attached to the gemma from which it arose (p. 172, fig. 4), or it 
may be formed as a terminal swelling at the end of a germ-tube in 
exactly the same way as the secondary sporocysts formed in the 
same position (p. 172, figs. 5, 10 and 11). In structure and general 
appearance the two forms of gemmae are identical, and in the case 
of the forms which produce a germ-tube terminating in a swelling, 
it is only by watching the development of the swelling that the fate 
can be determined. 
Variations of the Life-History. 
The following variations of the typical life-cycle have been 
noticed in various older cultures. 
Multiple sporocysts. In some of the older cultures a few cases 
were found of multiple sporocysts in the resting condition, i.e 
resembling a chain of gemmae. But cases showing this condition 
