T etracyclidce. 219 
The exceptions to the bicarpellary pistil are very few in number, 
amounting to barely 25 species in all— i.e., about 0-6%—and 
occurring in Oleaceae (NyctautJies,Fontanesin); Apocynacea e(Lepinia, 
Notonerium, Pleiocnrpn ); and Loganiaceae ( Labordia , Pugamea, 
Desfontainea). 
CONTORTAE ( GENII ~A N A L E S ) 
Pistil 
Order 
Approx, no. 
of species. 
Corolla 
Stamens 
Carpels 
Loculi 
Ovules per 
loculus. 
OLEACEAE 
390 
( 4 ) usually ,• 
ra nly free 
2 
Tartly 3-4 
(2) 
Tartly 3 
2 
1-2 
SALVADORACEAE 
6 
U 
3 
4 
(2) 
1-2 
1-2 
LOGANIACEAE 
350 
(4-5) 
c 
rarity 1 . 
(2) 
2-1 
co or 1 
GENTIAN ACEAE 
750 
(5) 
c 
(2) 
1 usually 
co 
APOCVNACEAE 
1000 
(5) 
c 
(2) 
rarely more 
2-1 
<*> - few - 1 
ASCLEPIADACEAE 
1300 
( 5 ) 
1 _ 
c 
1 _ 
(2) 
2 
co 
In a good many Apocynaceae the two carpels are apocarpous or 
sub-apocarpous, being united under a common style ; in view of 
their advanced position among the Angiospermas taken as a whole, 
this condition will be readily regarded as secondary, a specialization 
having relations with fruit-formation and seed-dispersal. A tendency 
to the unilocular state of the ovary finds expression in some Salva¬ 
doraceae, and a few Loganiaceae and Apocynaceae; in Gentianaceae 
a unilocular ovary is the rule. 
As regards the number of ovules, the Oleaceae and Salvadoraceae 
have one or two per loculus; for the rest, the number is usually 
indefinite. In the Apocynaceae a tendency to economy in this 
respect is traceable, about 12% of the species having four ovules or 
less to each carpel; in Loganiaceae about 11% of the species have 
but a single ovule in each loculus of the ovary. 
Turning now to the degree of advance on general lines in regard 
to the reception of insect-visitors, we find in the first place that the 
traces of polypetaly are extremely few and of doubtful significance, 
being confined to the Oleaceae and Salvadoraceae. Of the former 
order the petals are distinct, or loosely united in pairs, in Linociem 
and its allies Chionanthus , Notehen, and Noronliea ; among Salva- 
