8 Vegetation in Natal and the Transvaal. 
found purple flowered Utricularias and the white flower heads 
of Kyllingia (Cyperaceae), while in sheltered kloofs, Aspidia, 
Osmunda and Cyathea Dregei were abundant. Near Ottoshoop 
we came across a marsh and it was most interesting to note how 
closely the plants growing in it were related to those which would be 
found in a similar locality in England, while the rest of the vegetation 
of the district, xerophytic in character, was so little related to the 
British flora. Thus in the marsh we noted jfuncus, Hydrocotyle, 
Mentha , Phragmites, and close to it a Ranunculus , while on the 
limestone ridge adjoining were succulent spurges, Aloes, Sanseverias 
and trees such as the Olive ( Olea verrucosa) and Buffle-dorn or 
Hook and Stick thorn ( Ziziphus niucronata, see Fig. 3). 
Fig. 3. The Buffle-dorn (Ziziphus tnucronata). 
Like the Flora of Natal that of the Transvaal (included in the 
Kalahari Region of Bolus) seems very nearly allied to the great 
Tropical African Flora, but the greater rigour of the climate and 
the less abundant supply of water has made it less luxuriant, 
poorer in species, and also more xerophytic in character. 
We have nothing in the Transvaal to compare with the 
luxuriance of forest vegetation of the Natal coast, but the grass-clad 
hills of Upper Natal are already reckoned to be Kalahari Region, 
and compare somewhat with the steppe-like vegetation of the High 
Veld. The Bushveld of the Northern Transvaal goes over 
