THE 
NEW PHYTOIiOGIST. 
Vol. 4. No. 7. July 31 ST, 1905. 
PROVISIONAL SCHEME OF THE NATURAL 
(PHYLOGENETIC) SYSTEM OF FLOWERING PLANTS. 
By Hans Hallier, Ph.D. (Hamburg). 
A S the son of a well known botanist and the grand-nephew of 
M. J. Schleiden, the centenary of whose birth was celebrated 
last year at Hamburg and Jena, I have by inheritance and edu¬ 
cation a passion for botany, and for nearly thirty years I have taken 
a zealous interest in taxonomy. Even at the age of seven to thirteen 
years I used to accompany my father, the late Ernst Hallier, 
formerly professor of botany at the University of Jena, on the 
botanical excursions which he undertook every Saturday or 
Sunday with his students, in order to introduce them to the 
principles of systematic botany. In these instructive excursions I 
soon gained a knowledge of the botanical names of plants and of 
our native flora, and learned the natural system by immediate 
intuition and comparison of the objects themselves, independent of 
the sometimes very dogmatic views of the standard-books, or, as we 
say in Germany, “ mit einem noch nicht durch Fachkenntnis 
getriibten Blick.” Later, at the University of Jena, I was intro¬ 
duced by the works of Darwin and the lectures and practical 
instructions of Ernst Haeckel, to the marvellous series of dis¬ 
coveries, to which the evolution-theory had been the impulse. In 
the Botanical Laboratory of Professor L. Radlkofer and Dr. H. 
Solereder at Munich, I recognized that not only the external 
characters of plants must be examined in determining their affini¬ 
ties, but that comparative anatomy is also indispensable to 
systematic botany. 1 During a four years’ stay at the famous 
botanic garden of Buitenzorg and during an expedition into the 
1 See H. Solereder’s Systematisclie Anatomie der Dicntyledonen. 
Stuttgart, 1S99. 
