Phylogenetic System of Flowering Plants. 15 7 
daceae, and uniting the primary characters of b, c and 
d). b. Illicieae (including Trochodendrum? and Tetra- 
centrum? Descendants of a), c. Schizandreae (descen¬ 
dants of a or b). d. Magnolieae (descendants of a). 
2. Canellaceae (descendants of lb). 
3. Anonaceae (including Hornschuchia; derived from and 
(for instance, by Anona squamosa) connected with lc). 
4. Myristicaceae (descendants or only a tribe of 3). 
** Laurineae (perigynous or epigynous). 
5. Calycanthaceae (descendants of lc). 
6. Monimiaceae (including Gomortega ; near 3 and 5, derived 
from lc). 
7. Lauraceae (including Hernandiaceae ; allied to 5 and 6j. 
II. —Ranales (no oil-cells).' 
8. Berberidaceae (including Lardizabaleae, Podophylleae, 
Glaucidium and Hydrastis; near 3, 6 and 7, descended 
from lc). 
9. Menispermaceae (descended from Lardizabaleae, or close 
to them from lc). 
10. Ranunculaceae (descendants of extinct Podophylleae). 
11. Nymphaeaceae (origin near Anemonopsis, Trollius, Caltha, 
Ficaria, Ranunculus, Batrachium and extinct Helleboreae 
with acyclic polymerous perianth ; ancestors of Helobiae 
and of the whole division of Monocotyledons). 
12. Ceratophyllaceae (including Circaeaster ? Descendants of 
Cabombeae). 
III. —Rhoeadales (excluding Moringaceae ; no oil-cells). 
13. Papaveraceae (including Fumariaceae ; allied by Romneya 
to Paeonia and descended from Paeonieae or Podo¬ 
phylleae). 
14 Capparidaceae (including Tovaria! Near 13 descended 
from 8). 
15. Resedaceae (near Tovaria, Pteropetalum, Ritchiea and 
Crataeva descended from Capparideae). 
16. Cruciferae (descendants of 14). 
IV. — Piperales (excluding Lacistemaceae ! Containing oil-cells; 
most of them with stipules ; mostly with perianth). 
17. Lactoridaceae (descendants of lb?) 
18. Piperaceae (including Saurureae ; near 17, descended from 
lb?) 
19. Chloranthaceae (allied to 18). 
20. Myrothamnaceae (allied to 17—19?) 
V. Malvales. 1 
21. Sterculiaceae (including Dombegeae, Triplochiton ! Buet- 
taerieae ! and Goupial Near 3 originated from la). 
! 22. Papayaceae (descendants of 21). 
! 23. Euphorbiaceae (excluding Buxaceae ! and Daphniphyllum! 
Near 22, 24, 28, 29, 117, etc., descended from 21). 
1 The arrangement and limitation of this and the following cohorts 
is only a provisional one and is very difficult, because most of 
them represent parallel lines, having the same point of 
departure in Sterculiaceae. 
