I/O 
The Vienna International Congress. 
It is obvious from all that has been said above, that the sporo- 
gonium of the primitive Bryophyte is at once the homologue: (1) 
of every type of foliar organ ; (2) of every type of sporangiophore ; 
(3) of every type of sporangium, whether eu- or lepto-sporangium, 
no matter in what group of plants it may occur; (4) of the entire 
sporophyte. This is the doctrine of variously-graded homologies. 
The deductions from this idea are apparently , but only apparently, 
absurd; thus: the sporogonium of a Bryophyte must for instance, 
he rigidly homologous both with an oak-tree and with every single 
nucellus contained by every ovule of that oak-tree. 
The idea may be graphically represented thus :— 
riV 
^ sporophyte 
// 
sporogonium 
leptosporangium 
o, 
// 
\ 
I do not intend to enter here into the homologies existing 
between the ovule and its various parts and corresponding organs 
occuring in the vascular cryptogams, as I have comparatively 
recently done so in a paper contributed to the “Annals of Botany.” 
In conclusion I should mention that for much of the contents 
of this paper I am greatly indebted to Professors Celakovsky and 
Bower. 
W. C. Worsdell. 
THE VIENNA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS. 
rpHE second Quinquennial International Botanical Congress was 
held this year at Vienna, and lasted from June 11th to 
June 18th. 
Though not the most accessible place for Western European 
and American botanists, Vienna is a most important locale of 
botanical activity; it is also a magnificent centre for visiting the 
flora of Central Europe, and this fact was taken advantage of by 
the organisation of various excursions. One of these, through 
parts of Southern Austria and the Balkan States took place during 
the month preceding the meeting. About 6U0 people atttended the 
