Anatomy and Morphology of Utricularia brachiata. 119 
thickenings occur. Transverse walls appear to be entirely absent. 
Occasionally the vessel bifurcates without relation to branching of 
the axis, the two branches uniting again further along. Surrounding 
the vessel is a small quantity of narrow phloem elements, considerably 
elongated, and containing a granular substance. The cortex consists 
of two or three layers of rather large longitudinally elongated cells. 
Small spherical gland-like papillae appear frequently on the epidermis 
of the axes, as outgrowths from small cubical cells (Fig. 7 A, r). 
Fig. 7. A.—Tuber shortly after germination, having produced a leaf (/) 
and a branching runner (r ); s, the remains of the runner which bore the 
tuber. B.—Longitudinal section of young tuber still attached to the runner. 
v, vascular strand, v.i., cells that will become vascular when the tuber 
germinates, a, the “eye” or point of germination. C.—Node on a runner, 
shewing young shoots arising, x 110. 
