Anatomy and Morphology of Utricularia brachiata. 125 
upper anti a lower epidermis, the cells of the former being smaller 
and having less interdigitating processes than those of the latter; 
stomata are present in both, and a mesophyll of one layer, con¬ 
taining many intercellular spaces which communicate with the 
stomata. In larger leaves and near the base of the lamina in the 
smaller ones, two or more layers of mesophyll are present. Chloro- 
plasts are present in the cells of the mesophyll and in the guard- 
cells of the stomata. 
The Seed. 
The seeds (Fig. 11) are minute oval bodies about •4 mm. long, 
excluding the elongated unicellular hairs, or outgrowths of the cells 
Fig. 11. Fig. 12. 
Fig. 11. Seed. /, funicle. p, plumular end. a, unicellular testal out¬ 
growths. x 79. 
Fig. 12. Longitudinal section of embryo, in plane at right angles to the 
funicle. v, mass of storage cells, not meristematic. pi, plumule, p. i., p. ii., 
first and second papillate protuberances, x 190. 
of the testa, which arise at both ends. This character sharply 
separates U. brachiata from its near ally, U. orbiculata, in which the 
testal outgrowths are short, all directed to one end, and glochidiate. 
The testa consists of a single layer of longitudinally elongated, 
rather thick-walled cells: no micropyle being discernible in the ripe 
seed. The funicle is attached laterally, nearer the end of the seed 
