On a Cone of Calamostachys binneyana. 253 
possibly equivalent to the annulus of the cones of modern 
Equisetums. 
The leaves. Below the “annulus” four whorls of leaves are 
seen cut through in tangential section (see Fig. 3). In the highest 
whorl parts of three leaves are seen. The same number appears in 
the second and third whorls, while the number in the fourth is 
rather uncertain. The leaves were not united at the base, and a 
certain amount of displacement had taken place prior to preservation. 
The members of successive whorls alternate in position. In slide 
No. 2 the leaves are seen cut through more transversely, and four 
leaves are seen in the second and third whorls, while the three 
leaves in the first appear to alternate in position with the lowest 
bracts. I do not propose to give a full account of the structure of 
these leaves here ; they will be reserved for a subsequent paper on 
the leaves of Calamites. They were, however, small linear structures 
2-5—3'5 mm. long, -75—1 mm. broad, and crowded together so that 
four whorls occupied a length of about 2-5 mm. of the axis. Further 
away from the cone the distance between the whorls increases. 
The number of leaves in each verticel cannot be determined, but it 
was most probably the same as the number of the bracts. 
In structure they closely resemble the bracts, but differ in being 
quite free, and also in the relative proportions of the fibres and 
pallisade tissue. The amount of sclerenchymatous tissue decreases 
somewhat as we pass away from the cone, as we should expect 
when we remember that the function of the bracts must have been 
chiefly protective. 
The leaves differ somewhat in structure from those previously 
described. 1 A large strand of fibres runs along the whole length of 
the leaf (5. Fig. 3). The vascular bundle lies below this and is 
very small. On the lower side of the leaf we next have a layer 
of the elongated parenchyma, cresentic in transverse section, with 
dense black contents, and running the whole length of the leaf. 
Hick 2 applied the term “ melasmatic tissue ” to cells of this kind 
and it seems convenient to retain this term provisionally. This 
layer is succeeded by a zone of pallisade tissue, composed of radially 
elongated cells with large intercellular spaces. On the outside there 
is a narrow epidermis. The stomata were small and are only 
seen in a few places. 
From the size, shape, and arrangement of the leaves it may be 
concluded that they were of the type known from impressions as 
Calamochidus (= Asterophyllites) grandis (Sternb). 
Hick (95). * idem. 
1 
