4 
C. A. M. Lindman. 
Fig. 1. Juncus squarrosus (Crossfell, Aug. 13th). a, some of the basal 
leaves (about half natural size); b, a group of rosettes seen from above, the 
interspaces filled up by Agrostis vulgaris ; c, two individuals in vertical section 
(schematic) ; d, some rosettes in a Sphagnum bed nearly shut up, 
very short and coarsely growing, the rosette leaves only 10—12 cm. 
long. The species occasionally produces leaves 20—30 cm. long. 
As it was observed rather late in the year (August), and with ripe 
fruits or nearly so, its most peculiar feature, the spreading leaves, 
was very distinctly developed. 
In fact, this peculiar manner of growth attracted the attention 
of many of the party. Having made some notes on the subject 
and some schematic drawings, I asked my companions whether 
there was any record of this matter. Nobody had any knowledge 
of such observations, nor have I later found anything published on 
the singular behaviour of Juncus squarrosus to the surrounding 
vegetation. I therefore now give a short account of the action 
of this plant in suppressing other herbs and grasses of its habitat. 
Where Juncus squarrosus occurs abundantly, it seems to cover 
the ground entirely (see Plate I, Fig.2). It occupies great areas, and 
I saw places where I could walk a hundred yards in a straight line 
without seeing any interruption in the apparently pure “ Juncetum 
squarrosi.” 
At the same time the plant differs from its neighbours by 
forming, not a smooth continuous lawn or carpet, but a rough 
pasture, where each individual rosette (more correctly each plant 
