H. Takeda. 
48 
kinds of Salix are very often found in more or less damp places. 
Conifers are not rare, but comparatively few species are present, e.g., 
Abies Mariesii, A. sachaliuensis, Juniper us chinensis var. procutnbens, 
Lnrix dahurica, L. kurilensis, Picea ajenensis, P. Glehni, and Taxus 
cuspidata. Pines are rare except in cultivation. The only wild 
species is P. pumila which is usually three or four feet, occasionally 
five to seven feet in height, and generally grows on mountain 
summits. TJinjopsis dolaborata, one of the finest Conifers, grows 
to a great size in the southernmost part of this region. 
Even in Saghalien and the Kuriles we often meet with several 
woody climbers, such as Actinidia arguta, A. Koloiniktn, Celastrus 
articulatus, Hydrangea scandens, Rhus Toxicodendron var. radicans, 
Vitis Thunbergii, etc., which grow in tropical luxuriance. Not only 
here, but also in other parts of Japan, we frequently find many 
woody climbers. Sargent attributed this fact to the abundant 
undergrowth of bamboos, which cuts off most of the light, and 
makes the plants climb up the trunks of other trees. 
On the high peaks which are not much more than 7,000 feet in 
altitude, we find many interesting arctic plants such as Bryanthus 
and Pliyllodoce generally growing on exposed rocks. 
The vegetative period of this region is very short. Still, as 
soon as the spring arrives, everything is quite ready for rapid growth, 
and before September comes with the keen autumn wind, seeds are 
set and dispersed. 
2. Middle Region. This region is very extensive and 
mountainous, so that the vegetation is not uniform. 
The coasts are beautifully lined with graceful pine trees. Pinus 
Thunbergii, which is well adapted to sandy sterile localities, is the 
species most often found on the sea shore. The following plants 
are some of the representatives of the sand-dune plants:— Aniodenia 
peploides var. oblongifolia, Arabis japonica, A. perfoliata, Artemisia 
Fukudo, Arundo donax, Bcehmeria biloba, B. liolosericea, Calystegia 
Soldanella, Carex macrocephala, C. Pierotii, C. pumila, Cinidium 
japonicum, Crepis lanceolata, Cnnum asiaticum var. declinatum, 
Corydalis platycarpa, Dianthus japonicus, Fimbristylis spathacea, 
F. velutina, Ischcemum anthephoroides, I. Sieboldii, Lactuca repens, 
Lathyrus maritimus, Linaria japonica, Lubinia lubinioides, Phellop- 
terus littoralis, Rhaphiolepis japonica, Samolus jloribunda, Sedum 
oryzifolium, Statice japonica, Vitex trifoliata var. orata, Wedelia 
procumbens. Rocky cliffs are infrequent, nor do they present a gay 
