53 
The Vegetation of Japan. 
Avicennia officinalis, Kandelia Rheedii, and Rliizopliora mucronata. 
In such marshy places one finds such plants as Halophylla, Sccevcla, 
and Suceda australis. On the sandy beach we often get Darringtonia 
spp., Cassytha filiforniis, lpomcea biloba, Pandanus spp., Peperomia 
portulacoides, Vigna lutea and so forth. Various palms belonging 
to such genera as Arenga, Livingstonia, Trachycarpus, and so on, 
flourish in the Region. 
This is really a region of Ficus, with which broad-leaved ever¬ 
green trees and shrubs such as various Lauraceae, Quercus, Hibiscus, 
Myrica rubra, etc. are found. On their branches a great many epi¬ 
phytic orchids, lycopods and ferns, and sometimes parasites such as 
Loranthus spp. and Viscum japonicum are found. In the dense 
moist forests many tropical ferns such as Allantodia javanica, Also- 
phila, spp., Angiopteris evecta, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Gleichenia spp., 
Osmunda javanica, Pteris quadriaurita, P. wallicliiana flourish. 
Amongst other woody climbers I may mention the occurence of 
Bauhinia japonica in Kyushu. In the Loochoos we get more tropical 
plants such as Garcinia, Pinus hichuensis, Tenninalis Katappa and 
others. The famous Cycas revoluta thrives very well in these 
islands, and from its pith a sago is prepared. Various interesting 
orchids and ferns including Helminthostachys zeylanica are also to 
be met with. 
If we pass over the Loochoos and come to Formosa, the 
vegetation is typically tropical. Although the climate is not uniform 
throughout the island, huge trees, thick bushes, dense forests with 
a great number of woody climbers can be found everywhere. In 
the mountain valleys we frequently come across Cinnamonum 
camphora, from which the camphor of commerce is obtained, 
reaching huge dimensions. Macuna gigantea and Puscetha 
scandens, both famous for their tremendous legumes, other 
climbers such as the Lotung, and gigantic bamboos, tall tree ferns, 
palms, and the wild Musa grow in the forests and on mountain- 
slopes. If we go higher up on the mountains which occupy the 
greater part of the island, we shall see conifers at an elevation of 
about 6,000 feet above sea-level. Chamcvcyparis formosensis, 
Cunninghamia Konishii, Picea morrisonicola, and Pinus formosana 
are some of the interesting species, and are only known from this 
island. A few years ago a new genus of conifer was discovered 
amongst the mountains, about 6-8,000 feet above the sea. The 
external appearance of this tree is somewhat similar to that of 
Cryptoineria, so that people thought at first that they had found a 
