Plagellata and Primitive Algce. 
22 7 
numerous peripherally situated nuclear bodies, and numerous 
flagella, some have ended blindly and produced nothing higher than 
Flagellates—a few of these remaining autotrophic but the majority 
becoming adapted to various modes of heterotrophic nutrition— 
while three may be traced into the Vegetable Kingdom and lead 
respectively (i) through the Polyblepharids to the Chlamydomonads 
and thence to the majority of Green Algae, (ii) through the Chloro- 
monads to the Confervales, and (iii) through the Chrysomonads to 
the Cryptomonads and thence to the Phzeophyceze, the Peridiniales, 
and probably the Diatoms. 
The origin of the remaining Algal groups from Flagellata is 
much more difficult to trace, owing to the absence of transitional 
forms. There are no forms whatever which would serve to connect 
the Blue-green and the Red Algae with the known Flagellates of 
corresponding colour; it is much more likely that the Cyanophyceze 
are related to the Bacteria, while the Rhodophyceze may have been 
derived from the same stock as the Dictyotaceae, which occupy a 
somewhat isolated position among the Phzeophyceze. The origin of 
the Diatoms is an equally open question ; it seems likely, at any 
rate, that they are related to the Peridiniales or to the Chryso¬ 
monads rather than to the Conjugatae. 
LITERATURE REFERRED TO. 
The following list of literature on the Flagellata and Primitive Algae is not 
intended to be exhaustive. Reference should be made to the literature lists 
given by Biitschli (18), Calkins (19), Delage (37), Doflein (40), Fritsch (46), 
Klebs (67, 68), Lotsy (89), M’Keever (91), Minchin (93), Oltmanns (95), Pascher 
(101), Pavillard (114), Scherffel (125), Schiitt (134), Senn (135), Stein (138), 
Wille (149, 150), Willey and Hickson (151). 
1. Apstein, C. “Die Pyrocysteen der Plankton-Expedition.” Wiss. 
Ergebnisse d. Plankton-Exp. d. Humboldt-Stiftung, 
Bd. 4, 1902, pp. 1-27. 
2. ,, “ Pyrocystis lunula und ihre Fortpflanzung.” Wiss. 
Meeresunters., Kiel, N.F.Bd. 9, 1906. 
3. Bachmann, H. “ Clilamydomonas als Epiphyt auf Anabcena flos-aqua." Ber. 
d. deutsch. bot. Ges., Bd. 23, 1905, pp. 159-161. 
4. Bergh, R. S. “ Der Organismus der Cilioflagellaten.” Morphol. Jahrb., 
Bd. 7, 1881. 
5. Bergon, P. “ Les processes de division, de rajeunissement de la cellule, 
et de sporulation chez le Biddulphia mobiliensis Bailey.” 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, t. 54, 1907, pp. 327-358. 
6. Blackman, F. F. “ The primitive Algae and the Flagellata.” Annals of 
Botany, vol. 14, 1900. 
7. Blackman, F. F., and Tansley, A. G. “A revision of the classification 
of the Green Algae.” New Phytologist, vol. 1, 1902. 
8. Blackman, V. H. “ Observations on the Pyrocysteze.” New Phyto¬ 
logist, vol. 1, 1902, pp. 178-188. 
9. Bohlin, K. “ Zur Morphologie und Biologie einzelliger Algen.” Oefvers. 
K. Vet. Akad. Forhandl., 1897, pp. 507-527. 
10. ,, “ Studier ofver nagra slilgten af alggruppen Confervales 
Borzi.” Bih. t. K. Sven. Vet. Akad. Handl., Bd. 23, 
Afd. 3, 1897 (Summary in Bot. Centralbl., Bd'. 73, 
1898, p. 213). 
11. ,, “ Utkast till de grona algernas och archegoniaternas 
fylogeni.” Upsala, 1901 (Summary in Bot. Centralbl., 
Bd. 87, 1901, p. 98). 
12. Borgert, A. “ Ueber die Dictyochiden.” Zeitschr. fiir wiss. Zoologie, 
Bd. 51,1891. 
