234 
Bradley Moore Davis . 
of 0. Lamarckiana De Vries in Europe at dates previous to 1796 
are, to the writer, not convincing and have been discussed in previous 
papers.' In a recent contribution Gates a abandons his former views 
and admits (pp. 17-19) that the presence of Lamarckiana in Europe 
previous to 1760 is not established. 
Since CEnothera Lamarckiana Seringe becomes a synonym of 
O. grandiflora Solander, I have proposed that the plant of De Vries 
retain the name under which it is known in the extensive literature 
of experimental morphology, but the name must be written CEnothera 
Lamarckiana De Vries. In making the above suggestion it should 
be noted that 0. Lamarckiana De Vries has come down to us as 
the product of the garden through a long history of cultivation and 
that there are good reasons for believing it to be of hybrid origin. 
We have no evidence that the plant is present as a native species 
of any flora. As a garden plant we are apparently justified in giving 
it the name CEnothera Lamarckiana De Vries by Article 50 of the 
nomenclatorial code formulated by the International Botanical 
Congress held in Vienna in 1905. 
There is little doubt that the material of De Vries’s cultures 
was derived, possibly greatly modified, from certain plants placed 
upon the market by the seedsmen Carter and Company of London 
at about 1860. These plants were considered by Lindley to be 
CEnothera Lamarckiana Seringe, but we cannot accept this identifi¬ 
cation as correct. However, this opinion of Lindley gave the name 
Lamarckiana under which seedsmen are to this day selling a some¬ 
what heterogeneous mixture of forms. 
The description of the cultures of Carter and Company, 3 
accompanied by an obviously inaccurate figure, gives us very little 
information on the plants. We are told that they were 3-4 feet 
high, very hardy biennials, and with flowers 4 incfies in diameter. 
Carter and Company state that their plants came from seed received 
unnamed from Texas. 
The problem of the origin of CEnothera Lamarckiana De Vries 
at present largely centers on the probable composition of the cultures 
of Carter and Company, and every effort should be made to bring 
forward evidence on the characters of these plants. The only 
information so far at hand apart from the unsatisfactory description 
1 See Davis, American Naturalist, vol. 45, pp. 226-227, 1911, and vol. 46, 
pp. 379-380, 1912. 
3 Gates, R. R. “A Contribution to a Knowledge of the Mutating 
CEnotheras.” Trans. Linnean Society, Botany, vol. 8, Part 1, 1913. 
3 The Floral Magazine, vol. 2, plate 78, 1862, 
