296 R. Ruggles Gates. 
Icevijolia, while one resembled gigas somewhat in foliage, and one 
was biennis lata, having lata foliage and no pollen, but with small 
biennis flowers. 
Gates (21) has also obtained a dwarf mutant as well as other 
variations from wild 0 . grandijlora from Alabama. He has also (20) 
cultivated a race of O. gigas identical with that of De Vries, which 
originated (evidently as a mutation) in the Botanical Garden of 
Palermo, Italy. This also has twenty-eight chromosomes in typical 
individuals. Another extensive series of parallel mutations, some 
of which agree with the De Vriesian forms while others differ widely, 
has been studied by Heribert-Nilsson (24) in a Swedish race of 0. 
Lamarckiana which differs somewhat from the race of De Vries. 
The giant race in particular is markedly different from the 
Amsterdam form, though it gives in its progeny one type closely 
resembling the latter. Of the nine mutant types obtained, only one 
(lata) agreed entirely with the mutants of De Vries. 
It is evident, therefore, that the mutation behaviour is by no 
means confined to 0. Lamarckiana, but is found in other species as 
well, races even of O. grandijlora showing a certain amount of it 
when taken immediately from their native wild conditions. Davis 
(7) has shown that wild O. grandijlora contains a number of bio¬ 
types. This is, of course, not surprising, for it is clear that many 
wild species consist of numerous freely intercrossing biotypes. And 
it has come to be recognized that numerous open-pollinated species 
are hybrid in the sense that various biotypes have contributed to 
their ancestry. 
The activity in the cytological and experimental study of the 
CEnotheras has led naturally to a much more critical systematic 
study of the group, with the result that scores of distinct forms are 
now being reeognized which were formerly classed with such species 
as O. biennis L. or 0. muricata L. Many of these at least are not 
merely elementary species in the narrow sense, but forms which 
stand apart from the described species to a surprising degree. 
Among such new species recently described are 0. ornata and 
0. MacBridece of Nelson from Wyoming. These both have larger 
flowers and longer styles than 0. biennis, thus forming a transition 
to the large-flowered species. Bartlett has described 0. Tracyi 
from Alabama. This is virtually a small-flowered 0. grandidora. 
Steele has described a new segregate from the 0. biennis series 
from Illinois under the name 0. canovirens. Quite recently a very 
distinct small-flowered form was described by Gates (19) from Ithaca, 
New York under the name O. angustissima, and Bartlett and 
Atkinson (3) have characterized two other new forms from the O. 
biennis series of the same locality, under the names 0 . nutans and 
O. pycnocarpa. In another paper (2) Bartlett concludes that the 
species now commonly naturalized on the dunes of Holland should 
represent the type of O. biennis, and he identifies a paler-flowered 
race which is now common in Holland and which was formerly 
known under several pre-Linnaean polynomials, as O. biennis var. 
sulphurea De Vries. 
The third part of Leveille’s monograph (26) has appeared, but 
its treatment is not critical and it can be of little benefit in the 
present intensive study of the genus, 
