BRITISH WILD FLOWERS. 
53 
base of the stem, which, in cultivation, forms the turnip. The Turnip is a biennial, and it is found in various 
parts of England growing wild on hedge-banks and by the road-side. 
THE WILD NAVEW. (B. campestris, Lin.) 
This is one of the handsomest of the Cabbage tribe, and it has large, handsome, deeply-cut leaves, and 
a strong branching stem covered with bristles towards the lower part ; but no one who saw it for the first time 
could suppose it possible, from the appearance of its woody tap root, that it could be the origin of the Swedish 
Turnip. The seed-pods are brown when ripe, and the seeds, when crushed and pressed together, form the 
oil-cake used in feeding dogs, and for various other purposes. 
GENUS XXYI. 
THE MUSTARD. (Sinapjs, Lin.) 
Lin. Syst. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSa. 
Generic Character. —Siliqua rather taper; valves ribbed. Style small, short, acute. Seeds in one row, roundish. Calyx spreading. 
Flowers yellow. {Dec.) 
Description, &c. —This genus, in its botanical character, is very nearly allied to the last; but it consists 
only of annual plants. The name of Sinapis is derived from two Greek words signifying to hurt the eye, from 
the sharp and pungent nature of the plant bringing tears into the eyes. 
1.—THE CHARLOCK. (Sinapis arvensis, Lin.) 
Engravings. —Eng. Bot., t. 1748 ; 2nd ed., t. 955. I their own awl-shaped beak. Leaves toothed ; partly lyrate, or hastate. 
Specific Character. —Pods with many angles, rugged, longer than | {Smith.) 
Description, &c. —This is one of the most troublesome weeds known in British corn-fields ; and it is so 
much detested by the farmer, that in many parts of the country every troublesome weed is called Charlock. 
The true Charlock, however, is a rough-looking plant, growing about two feet high, and covered with sharp 
recurved bristles. It is an annual, which is found in every part of England, and flowers in May and June. 
2.— THE WHITE MUSTARD. (Sinapis alba, Lin.) 
Engravings. —Eng. Bot., t. 1677 ; 2nd ed., t. 956 ; and our fig. I Specific Character. —Pods bristly, rugged, spreading, shorter than 
2, in PI. 12. I their own flat two-edged beak. Leaves lyrate. {Smith.) 
Description, &c.— The White Mustard generally grows on the road-sides and on waste ground, where it 
forms a very handsome plant, with bright yellow flowers. The leaves vary very much, but are generally either 
pinnatifid or of a lyrate form, with the segments very deeply toothed. This species is cultivated in gardens, in 
order to be used when in its seed-leaves in salads, in company with the garden-cress, Lepidium sativum , which 
is a native of Persia. The seeds of the White Mustard were, about twenty years ago, quite a fashionable 
medicine, and were considered efficacious in almost every disorder when swallowed whole. 
THE BLACK MUSTARD. (S. nigra, Lin.) 
This is the species, the seeds of which, when ground, furnish the mustard used at our tables. The leaves are 
much larger than those of the white Mustard, and the stem grows three or four feet high instead of rarely 
