BRITISH WILD FLOWERS. 
179 
1.—THE WILD MADDER. (Rubia peregrina, Lin.) 
Engravings. —Eng. Bot., t. 851 ; 2nd ed., t. 218 ; and our fig. 6, in PI. 39. 
Specific Character. —Leaves four, or more, in a whorl, elliptical, shining and smooth on the upper side. Flowers five-cleft. (Smith.) 
Description, &c. — This is an evergreen plant which grows among bushes in rich loamy soil on the 
Downs at Clifton, near Bristol, and in Devonshire and various other places in the south-west of England. It is 
a perennial plant, flowering in July, and ripening its fruit late in autumn. This species is frequently used in 
dyeing red, and also in making the colour called lake; but it is considered very inferior to the True Madder, or 
Turkish Red ( R. tinctoria). 
CHAPTER XLI. 
THE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. (Caprifoliace^e, Juss.) 
Character of the Order. —Calyx superior, usually with two or 
more bractea; at its base ; entire or lobed. Corolla superior, monope- 
talous or polypetalous, rotate or tubular, regular or irregular. Stamens 
equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, and alternate with them. 
Ovarium with from one to five cells, one of which is often monosper- 
mous, the others polyspermous; in the former the ovulum is pendu¬ 
lous ; style one; stigmas one or three. Fruit indehiscent; one or 
more celled, either dry, fleshy, or succulent, crowned by the persistent 
lobes of the calyx. Seeds either solitary and pendulous, or numerous 
and attached to the axis; testa often bony; embryo straight, at the 
base of the fleshy albumen ; radicle superior. Shrubs or herbaceous 
plants ; with opposite leaves, destitute of stipulae. Flowers usually 
corymbose and often sweet-scented. ( Lindley.) 
Description, &c. —Dr. Lindley makes the order Caprifoliacese consist of two sections ; in the first of which 
are included all the British genera generally comprised in the order; and in the second he places Cornus , the 
Dog-wood, which is usually in an order by itself, and Hedera , the Ivy, which was formerly included in 
Araliacese. 
§ 1 .—Lonicerece, Lindley. Corolla monopelalous. 
GENUS I. 
THE HONEYSUCKLE. (Caprifolium, Tourn.) 
Lin. Syst. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Generic Character. —Calyx 5-toothed, persistent. Corolla tubular, I the cells equally many-seeded. Berry 1-celled, 1-seeded. Twining 
2-lipped, usually saccate at the base. Stamens 5. Ovarium 3-cclIed, with j shrubs, with simple leaves, and capitate fragrant flowers. (Lindley.) 
Description, &c. —The genus Caprifolium contains the two species that are generally known by the name 
of Honeysuckle ; that is, those which are twining shrubs, and have their flowers in heads. The name of 
Caprifolium signifies goat’s leaf, in allusion to the fondness which goats were supposed to have for the plant ; 
or, according to other authors, from the habit of the plant in climbing upwards, as goats do, into almost 
inaccessible places. It is placed in the Linnaean class and order Pentandria Monogynia, from its five stamens 
and its single style. 
1.—THE PALE PERFOLIATE HONEYSUCKLE. (Caprifolium perfoliatum, Lindl.) 
Synonymes. —Lonicera Caprifolium, Liu. j the Garden Honeysuckle. Specific Character. —Flowers ringent, whorled, terminal. Leaves 
Engravings. —Eng. Bot., t. 799 ; 2nd ed., t. 324 ; and our fig. 1, deciduous ; the uppermost confluent and perfoliate. (Smith.) 
in PI. 40. 
Description, &c.— This beautiful plant is but a doubtful native, and, as it is very common in gardens, 
where it seeds abundantly, it is most probable that those plants which are found wild have sprung from garden 
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