BRITISH WILD FLOWERS. 
189 
1.— THE COMMON CRANBERRY. (Oxycoccus palustris, Rich .) 
Synonyme. —Vaccinium oxycoccus, Lin. Specific Character. —Leaves ovate, entire, smooth, revolute, acute. 
Engravings.— Eng. Bot., t. 319 ; 2nd ed., t. 554 ; and out fig. 2, Flowers terminal. (Lindley.) 
in PI. 41. 
Description, &c. —The Common Cranberry is very abundant in the north of England, particularly near 
Longtown, which forms the boundary between Cumberland and Scotland ; as in the neighbourhood of this town 
there are large morasses, which are exactly the kind of soil suiting this plant. When the Cranberry is cultivated 
in gardens, it is generally grown on the margin of a pond, where only its roots reach the water; but in its native 
bogs, it grows in water so deep that the people who gather the berries are obliged to wade up to their knees to 
do so. The flowers appear in June, and the berries are ripe in August or September. 
CHAPTER XLIY. 
THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. (Campanulacea:, Juss.) 
Character of the Order. —Calyx superior, five-lobed. Corolla 
monopetalous, inserted into the top of the calyx, five-lobed, withering 
on the fruit; regular. Stamens five, inserted into the calyx, alter¬ 
nately with the lobes of the corolla. An thers distinct. Pollen spherical. 
Ovarium inferior, with two or more polyspermous cells. Style simple; 
stigma with from two to five lobes. Fruit dry, crowned by the withered 
calyx and corolla, with from three to five cells, dehiscing by lateral irre¬ 
gular apertures by valves. Seeds numerous, attached to a placenta in 
the axis ; embryo straight in fleshy albumen ; radicle inferior.—Herba¬ 
ceous plants on under shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers single, or 
in heads; usually purple. {Lindley.) 
Description, &c. —All the Campanulace* are perennial plants, generally with milky juice, and very 
ornamental flowers. The seeds are numerous, and the calyx generally remains attached to the fruit when ripe. 
The British genera contained in this order are placed in the Linnsean class and order Pentandria Monogynia, on 
account of their five stamens and their single style. 
GENUS I. 
THE RAMPION. (Phyteuma, Lin.) 
Lin. Syst. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Generic Character. —Calyx five-cleft. Corolla rotate, with a very [ parted. Capsule three-celled, opening by lateral perforations.—Flowers 
short tube, and five long linear segments. Stamens five. Stigma three- | in spikes or heads. {Lindley.) 
Description, &c. —This genus is distinguished from the Campanula by the crowded mass of the flowers, and 
by the long horn-like buds, which open first at the lower part. The stems are milky, and the root of one of the 
species was formerly used in salads. The name of Phyteuma is derived from a Greek word signifying the plant; 
and it is supposed to have been given to this genus in consequence of some medicinal properties which were 
formerly attributed to it, and which were supposed to render it superior to other plants. 
1. —THE ROUND-HEADED RAMPION. (Phyteuma orbiculare, Lin.) 
Engravings. _Eng. Bot., t. 142 ; 2nd ed., t. 305 ; and our fig. 3, j Specific Character. —Flowers in a roundish head. Leaves crenate; 
in PI. 41 . I radical ones heart-shaped, or elliptic-lanceolate. {Smith.) 
Description, &c. —This species is only found in Surrey, and some other places in the south of England, 
where it grows about a foot high, and flowers in July and August. 
