Black Redstart 
Phoenicurus ochruros 
European birds are distinctly different 
from those in Asia with an intermediate 
population breeding in Asia Minor. 
European subspecies (gihraltariensis) 
and occasionally Iranian and Himalayan 
subspecies (phoeninuroid.es) have been 
taken in Egypt; neareastern subspecies 
(semin.fus) occurs in Cyprus in winter. 
Habitat: Open rocky ground, cliffs, steep 
banks, ruins, gardens, orchards, vine¬ 
yards and even in cities from sealevel 
to high mountains. 
