42 
ON THE GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 
Again, on Little Stranger creek, some twelve miles southwest of Leavenworth city, there 
is a somewhat similar exposure, containing a twenty inch bed of coal. This bed is worked 
to some extent on the land of Mr. Charles Stone, where the following section may be seen 
in the descending order : 
Feet. 
1. Light gray, or bluish gray, soft calcareous sandstone, with harder layers containing much argillaceous 
matter, with Productus splendensf, Myalina subquad rata , an undetermined Monotis, and many fucoidal 
markings, exposing a thickness of . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 
2. Blue laminated clays more or less arenaceous above, .......... 26 
6. Coal, .................. If 
4. Bluish gray somewhat ferruginous clay rising above the creek, ........ 4 
We have no means of determining what relations the rocks composing these two sections 
bear to the exposure at Leavenworth, but we think they hold a position between the bed 
of limestone seen near the top of the hills back of Leavenworth city, and the upper bed of 
the section near the Leavenworth landing. 
Between Big Stranger and Grasshopper creeks, the road passes over a beautiful rich 
prairie, elevated about 350 or 400 feet above the Missouri. In crossing this prairie we 
met with no exposures of rock, the whole being covered by heavy Quaternary deposits, 
into which wells have been sunk at several places, from thirty to seventy feet, without 
striking solid rock in situ. At one or two places, however, we saw masses of limestone 
which had been quarried for building purposes along a little stream two or three miles 
north of the road. These contained amongst other fossils Spirifer cameratus, Orthisina 
umbraculum ?, Fusulina cylindrical and fragments of Fcnestella , with spines and plates of 
Archceocidaris. We had no opportunity to examine the quarry from which this rock was 
obtained, but were informed that the bed is some sixty or seventy feet below the summit 
of the higher portions of the surrounding country. 
In descending from this elevated prairie into the valley of Grasshopper creek, at Osawkee 
village, we observed,— 
Feet. 
1. A bed of hard gray limestone near the summit of the slopes, containing great numbers of Fusulina,, . 8 
2. Slope, no rocks exposed, about .............. 55 
3. Outcrop of Fusulina limestone, apparently ........... 3 
4. Slope, no rocks exposed, ............... 50 
5. Gray or bluish gray limestone, weathering yellowish, containing Pleurotorrmria humerosa, P. suhturbinata, 
and a large undetermined species of Bellcroplion ; also Allorisma ? Leuvenwortkensis, MyaUna sub- 
quadrata, Pinna undt., Spirifer cameratus, S. planoconvexa, and Productus aquicostatus, with great 
numbers of Fusulina cylindrica, ............. 3 
6. Dark gray indurated clay,............... 2 
7. Rather soft argillaceous limestone, ............. 4 
