144 
ON THE GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 
Ursus HORRIBILIS, Old. 
Grizzly Bear. Baird, General Report on Mammals, 1857, p. 219. 
This formidable animal is still quite abundant toward the sources of the Missouri. It 
lives for the most part upon vegetable food; is fond of the root of Psoralia esculenta , of 
cherries, plums, bulberries, &c., which grow in great abundance throughout the West. 
It seldom attacks a man unless wounded, when it becomes very fierce, and has not unfre- 
quently destroyed the hunter. At the present time it is very seldom seen below Fort 
Pierre. I have heard of the common black bear being killed near the mouth of the Ver¬ 
milion, though I have never seen it, yet am inclined to think it should be included in the 
Missouri fauna. Range: Plains of the Upper Missouri to the Rocky mountains and along 
their base, thence to the coast of California. (Not of Oregon and Washington 1) 
Sciurus Ludovicianus, Custis. 
Western Fox Squirrel. Baird, General Report on Mammals, 1857, p. 251. 
Very abundant about Council bluffs, gradually becomes rare as we ascend the Missouri, 
until it ceases to appear near the mouth of White river, in latitude 431°, longitude 99£°. 
Range: Mississippi valley. 
Sciurus Carolinensis, Gm. 
Gray Squirrel. Black Squirrel. Baird, General Report on Mammals, 1857, p. 263. 
Two specimens of this Squirrel were taken, one near Fort Leavenworth, K. T., and the 
other near the mouth of the Platte, N. T. It is seldom if ever seen above this point. 
Range: Eastern United States to the Missouri river. 
Sciurus Fremontii, Towns. 
Mountain Gray Squirrel Baird, General Report on Mammals, 1857, p. 272. 
A specimen obtained at Laramie peak is supposed to belong to this species; seems to be 
restricted to the mountains. 
Sciurus Hudsonius, Pallas. 
Red Squirrel. Chickaree. Baird, General Report on Mammals, 1857, p. 260. 
During the summer and autumn of 1857 I noticed this little Squirrel quite frequently 
in and around the Black hills. It was most abundant among the oak trees, which were 
quite numerous, especially on the eastern side of the Black hills. Its habits did not differ 
from those of the common Red Squirrel of the States, which is familiar to every one. 
Range: Labrador (latitude 56°) to Mississippi; and in the United States from the Atlantic 
to the Missouri river. 
