t 104 ] 
and is always an obstruction to tlieir feeding. I 
have seen in some parts of Italy, I think in the 
neighborhood of Rome, a mode of using lines which 
is free from these objections. It consists in two 
flat pieces of iron, that turned at the lovvcr ends, 
and formed a forceps, these bars shut over each o- 
ther, and when closed the ends gently pressed upon 
the cartilage of the nose of the ox, Tiiey were 
kept close by being tightly bound at the top, and 
strapped against the forhead of the oxen* It was 
seldom, if ever, however, that I saw lines attached 
to this, but it seemed to be used to govern the ox 
occasionally. But lines and rings might certainly 
be advantageously attached to this forceps, and if I 
remember I have sometimes seen it done—having 
seen oxen attached to lines, but at a distance when 
passing in a carriage, I had not the means of ex¬ 
amining how they were fixed* 
It is a great question iii what Way an ox draws 
with most advantage to himself ? In England they 
prefer a harness, but not meeting with it in any 
other part of Europe, I think it must be liable to 
some strong objection ^ one indeed arises from th0 
expense, which alone will keep it from being gen¬ 
eral. Yokes are used in some parts of Italy, but 
they differ from those that we have adopted in this 
particular. Instead of bows, there are four flat pie¬ 
ces of wood, which hang from each side of the yok6 
and are about 10 inches long, and hollowed so as 
to fit the side of the neck, they are so thick as to 
