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to gro\v again. These upper or day roots greatly: 
weaken the vine, and hinder the lower roots from 
extending themselves, and from firmly fixing them¬ 
selves below, on which greatly depend the strength, 
durableness and fruitfulness of the vine. Beside, 
by these roots running deep, the vine is preserved 
from perishing in long tedious droughts. Let the 
foot of the vine remain open, to dry and harden, by 
the combined inlloence of the air, sun and cold— 
but it must be covered with the common mellow 
soil, when the hard frosts approach. This practice 
of exposure and excision must, as has been saiil, 
be repeated, at the same season, for the tv/o subse¬ 
quent years. i 
The only thing that remains, respecting this first 
year’s operation, is how to secure the vines daring 
the winter. In the city of Nevv^York they are suf¬ 
fered to remain above ground in the position they 
were trained. In colder climates and situatioas, 
we must lay them down and cover them with earth. 
The head of the vine, as well as the branches, 
should be covered ; a few inches of soil is however 
found sufficient to protect them during our iiardest 
winters. Other substances, such as short dry Utter, 
&c. might probably be used to advantage. It is 
said to endanger the life of the vine, to cover the 
head of it with ground. Mr. Antill lost a number 
by this management before he discovered the cause. 
The ground, he says^ in warm rains, moulds, and 
rots the vine. • Therefore he advises that the head 
