36 
THE NATUBAL SCIENCE JOURNAL. 
“ we record just as many species as 
there were forms created at the begin¬ 
ning,” which was generally accepted. 
Buffon’s obstinate rejection of the Lin- 
nmn classification was associated with a 
belief in the modifibility of species, and 
showed some foresight of the doctrine as 
elaborated soon afterwards by Lamark. 
The general acceptance of this dogma, 
was however, effected by that of Cuvier; 
its overthrow dates from the publication 
of Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859).” 
Thus speaks Prop. Lankester on the 
subject: 
“ In fact, species as ordinarily under¬ 
stood, be it man or monad, does not ex¬ 
ist. It is only the name given to a thing 
by naturalists or their followers, the peo¬ 
ple. The names given to these things by 
the discoverers we use for a want of a 
better, and to distinguish them.” 
Prof. Salisbury, or Prof. Cooke define 
Lake Passaic to be that portion of the 
country in Morris County enclosed by 
the Second Range of mountains on the 
one side and the granite range of mount¬ 
ains beyond Morristown on the other. 
On the south it was limited by the turn¬ 
ing into a brook form of Second range 
of mountains just below Liberty Corner. 
Whilst on the north it was definitely be¬ 
yond Pompton Plains. Lake Carteret, 
on the contrary is included by the First 
Range of mountains, Watchung range on 
the east. By the granite hills beyond 
Morristown on the west. On the south 
it stops at a point which runs across 
from the mountains where the terminal 
moraine of the glacier lies at Morristown 
and Milburn. And on the north it does 
not extend much beyond Paterson. 
Although at this region the ending is 
rather indefinite for reasons it will be 
readily understood, for it broke through 
the mountains at that place, or nearly at 
Little Falls and formed the fall at that 
town and the Great Falls of the Passaic 
at Paterson. In fact the remains of the 
lake are shown in the river which lies 
there, the Passaic River. 
With this brief description of the lo¬ 
cality I will proceed to state of the find¬ 
ing of fossil Bacillaria in the clay which 
is left at the bottom of Lake Carteret. 
In the clay, blue and red mottled, and 
light yellow sometimes, there are seen 
these shells. At a point known as Hat¬ 
field Swamp, on account of the swampy 
nature of the soil left there, I first gath¬ 
ered them, where a bridge crosses the 
Passaic known as Swinefield Bridge. 
But subsequently they were obtained at a 
point further up the stream, namely at 
Cooke’s Bridge, they were found in the 
clay also. This is about three feet thick 
at Hatfield Swamp but may be thicker. 
When washed and cleaned it shows the 
well-known fresh water forms of Bacil¬ 
laria as Navicula vividis and others but 
there are two hitherto considered marine 
forms which are common. 
They are the beautiful disc known as 
Actinouyclus Ralpii and the saddle- 
shaped Campylodicus achimedes. These 
I subsequently got living in the water of 
the Passaic River at Swinefield Bridge 
and Paterson. 
This shows that they are not marine 
forms at all, although they are common 
on the coast living in the salt water. 
I wish in conclusion thus to record the 
finding of marine forms in fresh water 
and to record also the finding of Lake 
Carterat. 
