THE KHiETIC KOCKS OF NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
197 
Newark. — Khaetic strata are exposed in the gypsum quarries on 
Beacon Hill, Newark. This section also is incomplete above. In the 
quarry face about 10 feet of black paper shales (with casts of Cassian- 
ella contorta and Axinus elongatus) without any bone bed are seen to 
rest with a sharp line of demarcation on fourteen or fifteen feet of light- 
green marls. These green marls appear to graduate down into the 
red and green gypsiferous marls of the Upper Keuper. Mr. Woodward, 
on having an old limepit in the Lias deepened, found the uppermost 
zone of the Rhaetic series—viz., the White Lias— in situ. 
The cuttings of the new Great Northern line between Newark and 
Bottesford, which roughly followed the Rhaetic outcrop, exposed several 
interesting sections in these rocks. 
Gotham and Kilvington. —In the long cutting at Gotham, four miles 
south of Newark, a complete section through the Rhaetic rocks was 
exposed, showing at the south end the green marls of the Upper 
Keuper, succeeded—going north—by the Avicula contorta shales (fifteen 
feet) with no sandstone or bone bed, and hardly the trace of a fossil of 
any kind; and Upper Rhaetic marls with limestone nodules (eighteen or 
nineteen feet) ; Lower Lias strata represented by 20 feet or so of lime¬ 
stones and shales of the zone of Ammonites planorbis ;* about a mile 
farther south Upper Rhaetic marls were again seen capped by a few 
feet of Lias. 
A little farther south, near Staunton Grange, the Rhaetics were 
absent, being shut out by a fault which brought up Keuper red marls 
on the south against Lower Lias on the north. Still farther south, at 
the Kilvington Road crossing, the Avicula contorta shales reappeared, 
succeeded by Upper Rhaetic marls and Lower Lias, dipping south-east 
towards Bottesford at a low angle. Krom a limestone nodule at the 
top of the Upper Rhaetic marls or “ White Lias ” I here obtained the 
characteristic fresh water entomostraconKsf/ie^’/a wwnwm in vast numbers. 
Orston Spa, near by, is a ferruginous spring, probably thrown out by 
a pyritic sandstone or “ bone bed ” in the paper shales. At Elton 
Station we may still discern Upper Rhaetic marls succeeded by Lower 
Lias shales and limestones. , 
Barnstone. — At Barnstone, four miles south of Elton, a capital 
section in these beds was opened out during the construction of the line 
from Bingham to Stathern. Here Upper Keuper red gypsiferous 
marls with tea-green marls above were seen overlaid, with the 
usual sharp line of division, by fossiliferous Avicula contorta shales 
with a few thin bands of yellow sandstone and a hard pyritic 
“ bone bed ” near the base, replete with the usual remains, bones, 
teeth, fin spines, and coprolites of fishes and reptiles, amongst others 
Ceratodus altus. The Avicida contorta shales passed up into Upper 
Rhaetic marls containing large limestone nodules, which became more 
numerous upwards, and these were conformably overlaid by a few feet 
of Lower Lias shales and limestones of the zone of Ammonites planorhis. 
* The proportion of limestone to shale in this section was very large, 6 or 7 
feet to 13 feet, which would probably make the working of these beds for 
hydraulic cement at this spot a profitable enterprise. 
