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SOCIOLOGY. 
the introduction of a single tree, nothing whatever else having been 
done, with the exception that the land had been enclosed, so that 
cattle could not enter.”* 
Another wonderful instance of the relation between cause and 
effect is mentioned in the “ Data of Ethics,” and proved by direct 
experiment. “Making such arrangements that the bile-duct of a dog 
delivered its product outside the body, Claude Bernard observed 
that so long as he petted the dog and kept him in good spirits 
secretion went on at its normal rate; but on speaking angrily, and for 
a time so treating him as to produce depression, the flow of bile was 
arrested.”! And the talented author, further illustrating the relation 
between cause and effect, mentions that “ In the normal order, pleasures 
great and small are stimulants to the processes by which life is main¬ 
tained. Among the sensations may be instanced those produced by 
bright light. Sunshine is enlivening in comparison with gloom—even 
a gleam excites a wave of pleasure ; and experiments have shown that 
sunshine raises the rate of respiration : raised respiration being an 
index of raised vital activities in general.”^ 
I feel sure you will all agree with me that if instances of the kind 
adduced—and their number might be increased to an almost illimitable 
extent—have weight from a Biological point of view, the factors of 
progress I have previously alluded to must have weight from a 
Psychological and Sociological point of view in the question under 
consideration. 
Ladies and Gentlemen, I feel that I have exhausted too much of 
your time and trespassed too much .on the ground of my colleagues 
in this evening’s work. Permit me to express the hope that the 
interest and kindly feeling which has characterised the establishment 
of our new Section may continue and develop, and that the Section 
itself may do good work, bearing in mind Mr. Herbert Spencer's precept 
“ that the growth and prosperity of any organization is bound up with 
the doing of work of some kind or other. Mere receptivity will not 
suffice, there must be independent activity ;” and that it may benefit 
the parent Society by an increase of new members who may be 
attracted by the opportunity thus afforded of discussing any object that 
may arise in connection with the Doctrine of Evolution as illustrated 
in Mr. Herbert Spencer’s writings. I am sure the Society is to be 
congratulated on having secured the co-operation of our talented and 
devoted hon. sec., Mr. Alfred Hayes, B.A., and of the friends whom 
he has introduced. We shall endeavour to make our meetings 
interesting, and where practicable there will be illustrations. The 
excursions “ to local spots rendered famous by great minds ” will be a 
relief to harder work, as well as a means of bringing together those of 
us who think alike. In his famous address to the Americans on the 
* “ The Origin of Species,” by Charles Darwin, M.A., F.R.S., etc., 4th ed., 18G6, 
pp. 81, 82, 
+ “ The Data of Ethics,” by Herbert Spencer, 1879, p. 89. 
J “ The Data of Ethics,” by Herbert Spencer, 1879, p. 89. 
