January 14, 1S92. 
JOURXAL OF HORTICULTURE AXD COTTAGE GARDEXER. 
83 
possesses no knowledge of the damage that may be done by a careless uae 
of this acid. We have found a piece of sal ammoniac, about the size of a 
cob nut, ample amongst suflBcient borings to^ inake two joints, that is 
if one ordinary length of rope or “gaskin,” as it is often termed, is usm, 
this being 2 feet in length or a little more, and well coated with white 
or red lead. We have found it a safe and admirable plan to inix with 
the borings a little red lead in the powdered condidon in which it is 
bought. For instance, to a 7-inch jwtful of borings a 2-inch potful of 
lead would be added, and the piece of sal ammoniac advised above. The 
borings when mixed should not be made too wet. These are the only 
materials known to us that can be safely and effectively used c.ose to 
the boiler if the joints are exposed to the fire in any way. ^ Where the 
flows and returns have not been exposed to the fire, or built in, we have 
known joints packed with old rope and red lead last for years. India- 
rubber close to tbe boiler do not stsnd the best wellj Jind Portland 
cement we have never tried close to the boiler. 
Xmprovlng' Vines (^ilfrchunt ').—Let the man remove the soil 
down to the roots, taking care not to break any of a fibrous character, 
nor allow them to be dried. When a number of main fibreless roots 
are cleared, notch them at 3 feet intervals, making a downwari cut 
nearly half through, and a smooth upward cut to this, commencing an 
inch or two from it. Place round and over these roots fresh loam with 
anv quantity of wood ashes, and if you have bonemeal add a quarter of 
a peck to a barrowful of soil. Cover the roots about 4 inches deep, and 
spread about 2 inches of partially decayed, but not adhesive, manure on 
the surface. Prior to hot weather in summer add another covering of 
manure for preventing the soil drying and promoting the extension of 
roots near the surface, as conducive to healthy growth and fruitfnlnesa 
Lifting the Vines may, or may not, be desirable in the autumn, and 
before advising on this we should require to know the character of the 
summer growth and condition of the border. No doubt you are aware 
that errors in management, such as overcrowding the growths, and 
serious insect attacks, may nullify the effects of the best Vine border 
ATERAGE WHOLESALB PRICES.—CRT PLO'W^RS. 
Orchid Blooms rather scarce in variety. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 1 
3. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
5 
0 to 
8 
0 
Maidenhair Peru, dozen 
Azalea, dozen spravs .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 ' 
buaches . 
4 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Mimosa or Acacia (French) 
Christmas Roses, dozen 
per bunch. 
1 
blooms . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Narciss (Preach) dozen 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches . 
3 
blooms . 
0 
9 
3 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
9 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
6 
bunches. 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Poin^tia, dozen blooms.. 
4 
Cyclamen, dozen blooms .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Primula (doable) 12 sprays 
0 
Kucharis, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Reses (indoor), dozen 
1 
Euphorbia jacquiniseflora 
„ Rai, per doz. blooms.. 
2 
dozen sprays. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
Epiphyllum, dozen blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
„ TeUow, dozen .. .. 
3 
Freesia, dozen sprays 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
1 
Garlenias, per dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Tulips, dozen blooms.. 
1 
Hyacinths, dozen spikes .. 
S 
0 
9 
0 
White Lilac (French) per 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
bunch. 
6 
sprays. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Violet Parme, Preach bchs. 
3 
LUinm longiflorum 12 
„ Czar 
2 
blooms . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ „ small bunches 
3 
Lilium (var.) dozen blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ EngUsh, dozen 
Lily of the Valley 12 sprays 
1 
0 
6 
bunches . 
1 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
s. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
Azalea, per plant 
2 
6 
3 
6 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
1 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
„ large, doz. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Hyacinths, per dozen.. 
6 
3. d. 3. d 
0 U 9 0 
6 3 0 
10 2 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
6 
0 
0 
0 
1 0 
0 
« 
6 
6 
0 
Cyclamen, per dozen .. ..ISO 
Dracsena terminalis, dozen f4 6 
„ viridis, dozen .. 13 
Epiphyllum, per pot .. .. 1 
Erica gracilis, per dozen .. 9 
„ hyemahs, dozen .. 13 
Euonymus. var., dozen .. 6 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
13 0 
42 0 
24 0 
2 6 
12 0 
13 0 
13 0 
24 0 
6 0 
1» 0 
r 6 
5 0 
5 6 
6 0 
2 0 
d. 3. d. 
0 to 13 0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
Myrtles, dozen. 
Palms, in var., each .. 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Poinsrttias, per dozen 
Solanum. per dozen .. 
TIItins dozen iwts 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
7 0 
10 0 
0 0 
2 6 
a 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
12 
12 
21 
6 
15 
12 
9 
that could be made. 
Uames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Sjjecimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightlv damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can named at once, 
and the numbers should bo vaible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp, 
(d. B. C.'). —Ejp. 4 torium riparium. (/. IT.).—The Justicia is J. 
coccinea; the other specimens were quite unrecognisable, (ff. IF.).-— 
1, Odontoglossum Rossi majus ; 2, Cypripedium irsigne var. ilaulei; 3, 
Laelia anceps. 
CREAMERIES. 
In common with, most other modern, improvements, 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Biddles k Co., Loughborough. — ///KafrafeJ Need Catalogut- for 
1S92, 
Jarman k Co.. Chard. Somersetshire.— Need MaHual for 1S92. 
Barr A Son. 12, King Street, Covent Garden .— Catalogue of Flower 
Seed* and Lifts of Sjweialties, 
Fisher, Son, A Sibray. Handsworth Nurseries, near Sheffield.— 
Catalogues of Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds, and Garden lools, 
IS92. 
Reid & Bornemann, Trewsbury Road, Sydenham, S.E.— Catalogue 
of Ckrgianthewiums, 1S92. j- -n , n ^ . 
Frank Dicks, 66, Deansgate, Manchester .— of Eehable t^eds, 
1S92. 
W. A K. Woodcock, Syston, near Leicester .— of Chrys¬ 
anthemums for 1S92. 
Dicksoni Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.- frurden Seeds for 1S92. 
W. & J. Birkenhead, Sale, JIanchester .— of Ferns 
trateti), 1S92. , . ^ , , 
Kelw.ay A Son, L.angport, Somerset,— J/unwu/ ot Horticulture and 
Agricnlture, 1S92. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.-^axuabt 13th. 
BtTSixsss very quiet with scarcely any alteration in prices. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples, J-sieye. 
1 
0 to 4 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 
to '2 
6 
Apples, Canada and Nora 
Lemons, case .. .. 
15 
0 
2 » 
0 
Scotia, per barrel .. .. 
13 
0 
13 
0 
Oranges, per 100 
• • 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Cobs, Kent, per lOO lbs. .. 
30 
0 
35 
e 
St, Michael Pines, each 
•• 
3 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
9, 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
4 
to 0 
6 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Beet, Hal, dozezi. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch .. 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
, , 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
, , 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Ealsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Herbs, bunch .. ,. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Lottnoc, score . 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
1 
2 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
creameries have had to bear the brunt of adverse criticism, 
which in many an instance has been js vi«lent as it was super¬ 
ficial. Strange is it how invariably shallow persons strive to 
clog the wheels of progress, to hinder anything calculated to 
improve the general practice and benefit mankind. Yet thought¬ 
ful heed given to existing conditions of dairying, to possible and 
certainly most desirable improvements, was surely sufficient to 
convince every reasonable farmer that reform was an imperative 
necessity if our dairy produce was not to be driven out of 
the market by imported goods. Easy-going practice, a want of 
thoroughness in the manufacture and disposal of such produce, 
has been a general fault, and it was time that an effort was made 
to stamp out such slovenly carelessness. Sweet are the lessons 
of adversity! While the price of com continued to be so high 
all else upon the farm was a secondary consideration, bat when 
the permanent character of the fall in corn value obtained full 
recognition, then minor details of farming assumed a degree of 
importance born of the gravity of the crisis. 
From being a mere adjunct to the farm in many districts, 
dairy farming has acquired such prominence that many, aye, 
hundreds of farms once devoted to corn growing, are now 
entirely under pasture. This is notably the case in the mid¬ 
lands, where the mistake has been made of laying down entire 
farms to pasture instead of keeping just enough arable land to 
meet home requirements of corn, straw, fodder, and roots. 
What is the consequence ? Foul hovels, beasts so badly littered 
that their coats ars clotted with filth, senseless grumbling about 
the high price of feeding stuffs, and much negligence in all that 
concerns the comfort of live stock. We have been asked to 
design a homestead for a midland dairy farm, and shall have 
something to say about it later on. In the discussion after a 
lecture of ours on dairy farming at an East Anglian farmers’ 
