January 21, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
55 
is covered with broken streaks of a darker crimson ; but as the fruit 
acquires maturity after being kept, the shaded side changes to a rich 
golden yellow, and the crimson becomes brilliant. The whole is covered 
with a thin bloom like a Grape. Eye, small and closed, set in a very 
deep, narrow, and furrowed cavity. Stamens, marginal; tube, long, 
funnel-shapped. Stalk, three-quarters of an inch long, slender, deeply 
inserted in a wide hollow. Flesh, white, very tender, tine-grained, crisp, 
and very juicy, Juice, sprightly, sweet, and with a fine delicate aroma. 
Cells, ovate; abaxile. A valuable dessert Apple ; in use from December 
till May. The tree is a fast and vigorous grower, and has an upright 
habit. When it acquires a little age it is an abundant bearer ; but it is 
apt to become bushy-headed, and therefore requires frequent attention 
to keep the head open and free of spray. This excellent Apple origi¬ 
nated aHout the year 1840 in the State of New York, on the farm of 
Oliver Chapin, of Bloomfield, near Rochester. It belongs to the Spitzen- 
burgh race, and bears some resemblance to the Esopus Spitzenburgh. 
Gradually it became a favourite among American orchardists, and in 
1843 we find it one of the sorts which were recommended “ for trial ” 
at one of the pomological conventions. In 1847 the fruit was sold in 
New York at 12-J cents, each. 
Neglected Young Orcbard {^Apple ).—We presume the ground 
is not waterlogged, nor made wet by water from higher ground. If it is 
it must be drained, which when done efficiently, renders the soil warmer 
and opens up new sources of food for the trees. We should turn the 
turf under, using a fork, not going deeper than the good soil, and be 
very careful not to disturb the roots more than can be helped. If you 
were then to give a dressing of lime, say six to ten tons per acre, placing 
it quite fresh in little heaps, covering with soil, and when fallen spread 
it hot on the ground evenly, and harrow or lightly point in, it would 
improve the texture of the soil. The materials you have would make an 
excellent compost, provided the coal ashes do not form more than a 
tenth part, throwing the whole together along with a sixth part of 
quicklime, thoroughly incorporating by turning over once at least 
before using as a top-dressing. The top-dressing should be applied a 
couple of inches thick as far outwards from the stems of the trees as the 
roots extend, or better, 2 feet more. This will act as a mulch, encourage 
surface roots, and be a source of nutrition, the rains washing the solved 
elements into the soil. The trees must be protected with wire netting 
or guards from the attacks of animals. We fail to detect any eggs of 
insects on the bark sent for our inspection, but there were some live 
creatures—spiders—and the bark is coated with lichen. You may wash 
the trees whilst dormant with salt brine strong enough to stand an egg 
on its end, using a brush, taking care not to damage the growths, nor let 
the brine run down ; or the trees may be dusted with quicklime whilst 
wet with fog or mist. Either will cleanse the trees of the overgrowth. 
The best remedy for caterpillar is a mixture of Paris green, 1 oz. to 
20 gallons of water, using as a spray only, and keeping mixed whilst 
being applied. The remedy must be used carefully, as it is very poisonous, 
and should be applied upon the first appearance of the plague, repeating 
as necessary. 
Carnation I>eaves Spotted QF. G .').—If there are faint signs of 
spot or mildew on the “ grass ” when layered, the evil is almost sure to 
spread after the plants are rooted, potted, and stored in frames. Even 
w'hen the growths are clean we have found them more liable to spot 
when potted late than when established in pots earlier, so as to insure 
active root action in the autumn. Great care in watering the plants 
and ventilating the frames is necessary in the winter, anything 
approaching a stagnant atmosphere being injurious. It does not follow 
that “ plenty of air ” should be given “ day and night constantly,” 
regardless of the weather, as on some very damp foggy days we have 
found it best to keep the frames closed. Lifting the lights and forcing 
them down rather sharply is often a better method of changing the air 
than propping them up when the air apparently is motionless. Not a 
drop of water should be spilled on the foliage or between the pots, a 
supply being only given to the plants that need it on the mornings of 
dry days. All the worst leaves should be removed from your plants, the 
earth in the pots stirred, a layer of dry ashes spread for the pots to 
stand on, and sulphur dusted on the leaves of plants that are slightly 
affected ; then with greater care in watering and ventilating the 
plants may improve, or at least such of them that are not beyond 
recovery. 
Names of Trults.— Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large nwn'ber of loorthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named, it has been decided to name only .sqKcimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. ( IF. C).—1, Winter Hawthornden ; 2, Dumelow’s Seed¬ 
ling ; 3, Worcester Pomeroy; 4, Catshead; 5, Alfriston ; G, Cox’s 
Orange Pippin.— (G. G.). —1, Nec plus Meuris ; 2, Not known, and 
worthless ; 3, Jersey Gratioli. The Apple is not in a condition to be 
named, indeed none of the fruit display the true character of the 
varieties. (IF. Browii). — Pears: 1, Chaumontel; 2, Josephine de 
Malines. Apples : 1, Flower of Kent; 2, New Hawthornden ; 3, D’Arcy 
Spice. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(Roberts ').—We would gladly oblige you if you placed within our 
power to do so, but small scraps like those you sent placed loosely in a 
dry box without packing material are beyond all recognition. (IF. IF.). 
—1, Trichomanes reniforme ; 2, Trichomanes trichoideum ; 3, Tricho- 
manes radicans. (31. R. S.). —1, Gleichenia flabellata ; 2, Gleichenia 
Speluncm ; 3, Hermitelia horrida ; 4, Dictyogramma japonica. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— Jakuaky 20th. 
Mauket very depressed, business almost at a standstill. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 
1 
0 to 4 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 to 2 
6 
Apples, Canada and Nova 
Lemons, case . 
15 
0 
2J 
0 
Scotia, per barrel .. 
12 
0 
13 
0 
Oranges, per 100 ,. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Cobs, Kent, per 100 lbs. .. 
30 
0 
35 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
4 
to 0 
6 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
G 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Scorzoaera, bmrdle .. 
1 
G 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
G 
Seakale, per basket .. ,. 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Herbs, bunch .. .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Lettuce, score . 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
G 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
1 
G 
2 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
AVBRAG-E WHOLESALE PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms rather scarce in variety. 
s. 
d. 
s, d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
5 
0 to 8 0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Azalea, dozen sprays .. .. 
1 
0 
1 6 
bunches . 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
G 
1 0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
G 
3 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
3 0 
Mimosa or Acacia (French) 
Christmas Roses, dozen 
per bunch. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
blooms . 
1 
0 
1 G 
Narciss (French) dozen 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
blooms . 
0 
9 
3 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
12 0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms.. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen blooms .. 
3 
0 
6 0 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
G 
1 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
1 
G 
3 
0 
Euphorbia iacquiniteflora 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
dozen sprays. 
3 
0 
G 0 
,, Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Epiphyllum, dozen blooms 
0 
G 
0 9 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Freesia, dozen sprays 
4 
0 
6 0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. ,. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Gardenias, per dozen 
4 
0 
8 0 
Tulips, dozen blooms.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Hyacinths, dozen spikes .. 
G 
0 
9 0 
White Lilac (French) per 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
bunch. 
6 
0 
7 
6 
sprays. 
0 
6 
1 0 
Violet Parme, French bchs. 
3 
G 
5 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
„ Czar „ 
2 
6 
8 
6 
blooms . 
G 
0 
9 0 
„ „ small bundles 
3 
0 
G 
0 
Lilium (var.) dozen blooms 
2 
0 
4 0 
„ English, dozen 
Lily of the Valley 12 sprays 
1 
0 
2 G 
bunches . 
1 
G 
2 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
4 0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
G 
0 to 12 0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 to 18 
0 
Azalea, per plant 
2 
6 
3 6 
Ficus elastioa, each .. 
1 
0 
7 
0 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 0 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
„ large, doz. 
12 
0 
24 0 
Hyacinths, per dozen.. 
G 
0 
0 
0 
Cyclamen, per dozen .. .. 
12 
0 
18 0 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 
2 
0 
2 
G 
Draoisna terminalis, dozen 
14 
0 
42 0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
G 
0 
12 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
G 
0 
12 
0 
Epiphyllum, per pot .. .. 
1 
6 
2 6 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
2 
G 
21 
0 
Erica gracilis, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
12 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ hyemalis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 0 
Poinsettias, per dozen 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 0 
Solanum, per dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
21 0 
Tulips, dozen pots .. .. 
7 
0 
9 
0 
CREAMERIES. 
“ The only hope for the English dairy farmer is co-operation, 
both in the matter of production and of distribution.” Such is the 
dictum of a leading Midland land agent, and in the main we agree 
