86 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ February 4, 1892, 
makes broad, slowly spreading tufts of dark green linear foliage, and 
bears its purplish lilac flowers in loose heads on stems averaging 6 inches 
high. The variety alba is very desirable, with lighter coloured foliage 
and pure white flowers in more compact heads. The variety Laucheana 
is its best coloured form, with clear, deep crimson flowers, and is a very 
constant bloomer when seen in masses. Some time since Herr Max 
Leichtlin, of Baden Baden, sent out seed of A. undulata, and it has 
proved an acquisition, with unusually long, narrow, undulated foliage, 
and bears pure white flowers in nodding heads on bending stems 10 to 
12 inches long. It is an almost continuous bloomer with me and very 
hardy. A. plantaginea, with its broader foliage in dense rosettes, pro¬ 
duces larger heads of pale rose or lilac flowers, often fading to white on 
stems often 18 inches long. The variety formosa is decidedly good, 
with showy, clear, deep pink flowers in large heads, and with us in a 
bed of fifty plants is never out of bloom from early June to killing 
frosts. Its long-stemmed habit and continuous blooming quality renders 
it especially valuable as a cut flower. A. cephalotes, though the largest 
flowered species, with us does not seem worthy of recommendation, 
owing to its objectionable habit of dying out the second or third year. 
- The Whoblflower, Moeina longipolia, has proved hardy 
in a variety of soils and exposures for the last three years. It is a plant 
of Indian origin, being a native of the Himalayas in Nepaul at high 
elevations, and its flowers and foliage are striking. The leaves are 
narrow, about a foot long, deep shining green in colour, deeply cleft 
with wavy, margined lobes, thickly set with thistle-like spines, rendering 
careful handling a necessity. The flowers are tubular, with a broad 
open mouth. In the bud and early stages of opening they are white, 
but soon change to rose and finally deep carmine in the throat, lighten¬ 
ing in colour to pale pink or white on the outside. They are borne in 
clusters or whorls at the base of the stiff, spiny upper leaves, together 
forming a leafy and floriferous long spike. The peculiar and unique 
change in colour in flowers, and the showy, thistle-like foliage, together 
with the glistening colour of the latter, combine to render the plant fit 
for any collection and worthy of association among the best of hardy 
perennials. Until entirely proved for hardihood in moist or stiff soils 
it would be well to give slight protection the first winter.— {^American 
Garden and Forest.') 
-The Pitmaston Duchess Peae. —Some thirty years ago it was 
my duty to go occasionally to Pitmaston Hall, St. John’s, Worcester, to 
overlook the gardens, as the gardener was getting very infirm, and on 
my first visit the gardener pointed out the original tree, a standard, 
20 to 30 feet high ; it was in the middle of the garden, and probably 
is there now. In the fruit room he showed me the most beautiful sight 
I ever saw in the way of Pears ; there were something like 200 fruits of 
a mellow yellow colour, and of such size I had not seen before. I 
brought about two dozen away with me to the fruit room at Malvern 
Hall, Solihull, and sent six of them (averaging 21 ozs. each) to a London 
ofiice, but by some mishap these were never received nor recovered. I 
then sent six others, one of which was figured at the time under the 
name of Pitmaston Duchesse d’Angouleme. I was twenty years head 
gardener to Francis Edmond Williams, Esq., of Malvern Hall, and I 
am writing respecting this Pear during this period. Mr. P. E. Williams 
was anxious the Pear should be distributed through the R.H.S. to its 
members, as he said his father, the well-known raiser of Pitmaston 
Nonpareil Apple, Greengage Gooseberry, Pitmaston Orange Nectarine, 
and other fruits, had always disposed of his seedlings in that manner. 
I therefore wrote the Society Mr. Williams’ wishes, and they gladly 
accepted such grafts as I could send them. Mr. Williams, who is now 
deceased, told me the note respecting this Pear in his father’s stockbook 
was, that it was a cross between Marie Louise and Duchesse 
d’Angouleme, and doubtless this is correct. Of course, I have seen the 
tree trained to the front of the old gardener’s cottage, which is close to 
the Hall, and I believe belongs to the property, and I always understood 
it was worked from the tree I have mentioned. .Tt is now twenty- 
one years since I was in Mr. Williams’ employ, but I thought I should 
like to put on record what I know respecting this remarkable fruit.— 
John Stevens. 
INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 
We have received the following circular :—“TheGreat International 
Horticultural Exhibition, to be held this year at Earls Court, which has 
been secured from the Metropolitan District Railway Co. for this 
purpose, will be opened on the 14th of May. It will display the state of 
progress of horticultural science, taste, resources, implements, and plant 
culture at the present date ; and, in addition, the vaiious departments 
and exhibits will serve as models, not only for the possessors and 
managers of estates, but for each and everyone who loves a garden. An 
abounding profusion of plants and flowers from all parts of the world 
will display their beauties of form and colour, grouped for effect in a 
garden charmingly laid out, both under cover and in the open, in one of 
the few available spaces in London. There will also be music of the 
highest class, the buildings and grounds will be brilliantly lighted by 
electricity, and everything will be done to ensure that this Exhibition 
—which appeals so much to the great English love of gardening—shall 
be a stupendous success. Here will be found examples of the gardens of 
all ages, including restorations of the ancient gardens of Egypt, Greece, 
and Rome ; copies of those in China and Japan ; and types of the 
Baronial, Italian, Tudor, Jacobean, Georgian, and Victorian eras. A 
large sub-tropical garden will also form a feature of the attractions 
offered. The Tea gardens of India and Ceylon will be represented, 
illustrating the growth of the Tea plant, and the manner of drying and 
manipulating the leaves. A model cottage garden and allotment 
ground will be shown, demonstrating practically what can be done in a 
limited area. 
“ This Exhibition will be not only representative of all that is being 
done in the United Kingdom to promote horticulture, but in addition 
arrangements have been made whereby foreign countries, especially 
Holland, Belgium, France, Italy, and Germany, will co-operate to show 
the progress in their respective lands. This will be interesting, not 
only on account of the display of the beautiful objects sent over, but 
as demonstrating the manner of overcoming different climatic conditions, 
and also the careful methodic treatment adopted abroad. Flower and 
fruit shows will be held periodically. There will be fetes, besides 
special exhibits of American plants. Orchids, the old-fashioned herba¬ 
ceous plants, &c. Lectures and demonstrations in practical gardening 
will be given regularly, and competitions in garden design and in gar¬ 
dening operations will be held, and prizes offered. Pictures representing 
all phases of the art of gardening, as well as photographs of particular 
trees and scenes, will be exhibited, and a reference library is being col¬ 
lected. There will be exhibits of new and rare and of special collections 
of plants, seeds, conservatories, greenhouses, methods of heating, venti¬ 
lating, glazing, and general construction, garden requisites, tools, and 
all labour-saving machinery, statuary, vases, edgings, rockwork and 
ferneries, fountains, seats, tents, and summerhouses, fencing, draining 
methods, decorations, and all objects and appliances that tend to 
enhance the beauty of a garden, or are necessary to its working. Medals, 
both gold and silver, and certificates will be awarded by the most 
capable Judges, in addition to considerable money prizes. 
“ The entire net profits will be devoted to such gardening institutions 
as the Executive Committee may select.— Heney Ernest Milner, 
F. L.S., Assoc. M.lnst.C.E., Chairman of the Executive Committee; 
G. A. Loveday, B.A., Hon. Sec. Temporary Offices: 11, Grocers Hall 
Coxirt, Poultry, E.C." 
Cattleya hybrida Prince of Wales. 
Hybrid Cattleyas are numerous, and perhaps twenty have 
received distinctive names, while, taking the hybrids in which a 
Cattleya has formed one of the parents, the total would be nearer 
forty. That of which an illustration is presented in fig. 13— 
namely, C. hybrida Prince of Wales, will take its place amongst 
the most delicately beautiful yet raised, and when it was shown at 
the Royal Horticultural Society’s Exhibition in the Temple 
Gardens last May a first-class certificate was unanimously awarded 
for it by the Orchid Committee. It was shown by Messrs. 
F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, and it was said to be the result of a 
cross between the white Cattleya Mossise Wagneri and C. calum- 
mata. The plant shows characters that might be considered inter¬ 
mediate between the two parents ; and there is no question that it 
13 a delightful and valuable seedling. The sepals and petals are 
pure white, as also is the lip, with the exception of a series of pale 
rose veins in the centre, and a finely frilled margin. 
Calanthes. 
As these cease flowering the pseudo-bulbs must not be stored 
away in a cool house. Many mistakes have been made by subjecting 
them to this treatment, with the result that they decrease in size. 
They should be kept dry in a temperature of 55° until the time arrives 
for again starting them into growth. During the severe weather of 
last winter we lost some fine plants through using them for one 
night only where the temperature towards morning fell to the 
freezing point. Although they were there for a few hours only 
the whole of them decayed after they were returned to heat. 
These plants are worthy of every cire and attention, as they are 
amongst the most useful Orchids that can be grown. Where choice 
