/ pell 38, 1892. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
825 
nitrate of soda on the lawn, two parts of the former to one of the latter, 
at the rate of 3 ozs. to the square yard. The sooner this is done the 
better, and the seeds sown also. Scattering the grass as it is cut in 
summer on clean lawns is serviceable to many ; but we suspect that 
mowing without the box indiscriminately has often been the means of 
sowing seeds that would have been better collected in the box and taken 
away. Thought requires to be exercised in this matter. A dressing of 
soot and wood ashes is good for lawns. There is no reason why yours 
should not be improved, though it would have been better to have taken 
the requisite steps sooner, especially should a period of dry weather 
ensue. 
Salt for Iiand and Crops—Applying 'S.a.init (^Constant Reader"). 
—Salt acts chemically and mechanically upon the land, producing 
■changes therein which are beneficial to crops. It is destructive of 
insects and slugs, and enables cereals to resist the attacks of parasitic 
fungi by strengthening the straw. It has been usefully applied to 
dry sandy soils, aiding them to retain moisture. As a manure salt acts 
mainly by hastening the decomposition of organic matter, “fixing” 
ammonia by converting it into ammonium chloride, and it is chiefly 
used for mixing with manure, vegetable matter, and “ artificials.” In 
compost it should be applied at the rate of 4 to 5 cwt. per acre. House¬ 
hold salt is not so good for agricultural purposes as “ land ” salt. The 
ingredients of salt are sodium and chlorine = sodium chloride (common 
salt, Na.Ol.). Kainit is best applied to soils derived from limestone or 
■chalk in autumn, and to other soils it may be applied very early in 
spring. If applied late, and dry weather follows, it simply remains 
practically unused in the land for months. One of our correspondents, 
who knows what he is talking about, says, “ There appears to be a potash 
craze nowadays, and a good deal of money that is spent on potash salts 
as money thrown away.” We suspect he is right. Many soils contain 
sufficient potash for certain crops ; others do not, and then applications 
as above suggested are beneficial. 
Converting Old Pasture into Orchard (A. M.). — The 
first consideration is the drainage. If water lodge within 4 feet of 
the surface the land must be efficiently drained. Then it should be 
trenched 2 feet deep, but not bringing any stubborn soil to the surface, 
and not burying the turf deeper than 6 inches. The bottom of each 
trench should be loosened and left where it is. If the soil is good to a 
depth of 18 inches or 2 feet, the turf may be mixed evenly through the 
whole, and this will ensure the most even combination of the soil con¬ 
stituents. Every particle of root belonging to the old trees must be 
removed, otherwise they may endanger the roots of the trees by fostering 
fungi. When the ground has been trenched it may be dressed with 
lime, unless of a calcareous nature, using six tons on the three-quarter 
acre. Have it fresh from the kiln, place it in small convenient heaps, 
which cover with soil, and when the lime has fallen but is still hot 
■spread it evenly on the land. It need only be mixed with the top 
6 inches, for it will find its way down fast enough. Your soil, being a 
yellow loam over unctuous clay, will hardly need a dressing of potash 
for ordinary crops, but having been an orchard at some time it may have 
had its store largely drawn upon. Pi urns require lime, potash, and iron, 
with lessened amounts of magnesia and scda. The lime has been pro¬ 
vided for, and you may apply 2 cwt. of kainit with ^ cwt. of sulphate of 
iron, distributing evenly before planting. After planting spread manure 
on the ground from the stem of each tree a little farther outwards than 
the roots extend, leaving it there, and covering with fine soil in spring 
to prevent its drying. That is the way we advise every tree or bush to 
be manured, using none in planting unless thoroughly decayed or mixed 
well with some rich, well-blended compost. This will keep the roots 
near the surface and encourage a fibrous formation from the start. The 
vacant space can be manured and cropped with roots, or other crops not 
soil-exhausting or interfering with the roots of the fruit trees, and this 
will bring the soil into good condition for the trees, both through the 
manuring and the change of crop. Elton is a good Cherry for heavy 
soil. Werder’s Early Black is also a free grower and bearer. 
XTames of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and. Pears sent to this office to 
be named, it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (TH. C. Sons). —The Apple appears to be a sound 
handsome specimen of the New Northern Greening, (i. F.). —The Pear 
is Beurrb Ranee; the Apple Cockle’s Pippin. 
XSTames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in afresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightlv damn moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. IF.).—The flower was much crushed, but it is probably Rhododendron 
GibsonL 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— April 27th. 
Business somewhat improving, but prises remain unaltered. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples, J-aieve. 
1 
0 to 5 
0 
Grapes ]. 
0 
0 to 0 
0 
Apples, Canada and Nova 
„ New, per lb. .. 
.. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Scotia, per barrel .. 
12 
0 
20 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. 
16 
0 
2) 
0 
Apples, Tasmanian, per 
Oranges, per 100 
• « 
4 
0 
9 
0 
case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Cobs, Kent, per 100 lbs. .. 
0 
u 
0 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 
•• 
2 
0 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
6. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
9 
to 2 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch .. 
• • 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
. . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. 
1 
0 
0 
9 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
. . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
• . 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. 
• • 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Lettuce, dozen.. 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
• • 
0 
4 
1 
9 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
s. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 2 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 1 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
blooms .S 
Cineraria, dozen bunches.. 6 
Cyclamen, dozen blooms .. 0 
Daffodils (double), dozen 
bunches .2 
Daffodils (single),doz.bnch. 3 
Eucharis, dozen.4 
Euphorbia jacquiniseflora 
dozen sprays.2 
Freesia, dozen bunches .. 2 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 2 
Hyacinths, dozen spikes .. 3 
„ Dutch, per box 1 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms . 3 
Lilium (various) dozen 
blooms .1 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
sprays . 0 
s. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 6 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 6 
Azalea, per plant .. .. 2 
Cineraria, per dozen .. .. 6 
Cupressus, large plants,each 3 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen f4 
„ viridis, dozen .. 12 
Erica various, per dozen .. 12 
„ Willmoreana, dozen 12 
Euonymus. var., dozen .. 6 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 4 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 1 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 2 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 6 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0 
to 4 
u 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
6 
1 
0 
bunches . 
4 
0 to 8 
0 
0 
3 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Mimosa or Acacia (French) 
0 
9 
0 
per bunch. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
3 
U 
6 
Narciss (various), Scilly 
dozen bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
0 
6 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
3 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
4 
U 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
0 
4 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
6 
4 
0 
Tulips, dozen blooms.. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
White Lilac (French) per 
0 
6 
0 
bunch. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Violet Parme, small 
0 
3 
0 
bunches . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ English, doz. bunch. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
6 
0 
10 
Wallflowers, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Oto 12 
0 
Hyacinths, per dozen,. .. 
6 
0 
to 9 
0 
0 
9 
0 
Lilac, each. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
0 
3 
0 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
0 
5 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, per dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
0 
IH 
0 
Palms, in var.. each .. .. 
1 
0 
16 
0 
0 
18 
0 
,, (specimens) .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
0 
21 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
18 
0 
„ per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
6 
5 
0 
Rhodanthes, per dozen 
6 
0 
8 
0 
0 
10 
0 
Saxifraga pyramidalis 
1 
6 
2 
0 
0 
10 
0 
Spiraea, per dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Bedding Plants in variety in pots and in boxes. 
SILAGE. 
Is silage making way ? It is, and it is not. It is at farms 
where it has had a fair trial, and where it was brought into use 
with caution ; it is not among farmers generally—prejudice, a lack 
of energy, enterprise, and common sense being the cause. Of this 
there can be no doubt, evidence of it is to be had everywhere, and 
it will again be afforded this year if we have another wet haysel. 
Last year thousands of pounds were wasted in harvesting inferior 
hay ; the same thing will happen again and yet again. Very much 
of the grass was left uncut long after the seed had ripened and 
fallen off, because the weather was so unsettled. Hay must be had 
at any cost. There was no thought of ensilage, but only of hay¬ 
making, which went on long after the corn harvest was in full 
swing. Well, the hay was made and most of it has been used 
