Muy 5, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
341 
Horner. Fourth, Mrs. Kyrke Penson, with Colonel Taylor. Fifth, 
Rev. F. D. Horner, with Brilliant (Horner). Sixth, Rev. F. D. Horner, 
with Commander (Horner). Seventh, Mr. J. Taylor, Chester, with Prince 
of Greens. Eighth, Miss Woodhead, with Imperator. Class G, single 
plants, grey edges.—First, Mrs. Kyrke Penson, with Dinham. Second, 
Mrs. Kyrke Penson, with Richard Penson. Third, Rev. F. D. Horner, 
with Alex. Meiklejohn (Kay). Fourth, Rev. F. D. Horner, with Sami. 
Barlow. Fifth, Miss Woodhead, with Rachel. Sixth, Rev. F. D. Horner, 
with Irreproachable (Horner). Seventh, Mrs. Kyrke Penson, with 
seedling. Eighth, Miss Woodhead, with Geo. Rudd. Class H, single 
plants, white edges.—First, Rev. F. D. Horner, with Atalanta (Horner). 
Second, Miss Woodhead, with Acme. Third, Rev. F. D, Horner, with 
Nydia (Horner). Fourth, Miss Woodhead, with Mrs. Dodwell. Fifth, 
Mr. H. Wilson, with John Simonite. Sixth, Mr. H. Wilson, with Snow¬ 
drift. Seventh, Mr. John Taylor, with Heatherbell. Eighth, Miss 
Woodhead, with Reliance (Mellor). Class I, single plants, seifs.—First, 
Rev. F. D. Horner, with Enchantress (Horner). Second, Rev. F. D. 
Horner, with Juno (Horner). Third, Miss Woodhead, with Mrs. Potts. 
Fourth, Miss Woodhead, with Black Bess. Fifth, Rev. F. D. Horner, 
with Ophelia (Horner). Sixth, Rev. F. D. Horner, with Dimple 
(Horner). Seventh, Mrs. Kyrke Penson, with Charles Perry (Turner). 
Eighth, Mr. B. Simonite, with seedling. Premier Auricula in the 
whole Exhibition.—The Rev. F. D. Horner’s Ossian (Simonite), green 
edge. Class K, Alpines, single plants, yellow centres.—First, second, 
third, fourth, and fifth, Mr. J. Beswick. Class L, Alpines, single plants, 
white centres.—First, second, and fifth, Mr. J. Beswick. Third, Mr. G. 
Stokes. Fourth, Mr. J. Clements, Class M, three Polyanthuses, black 
grounds (dissimilar). First, Mr. J. Beswick. Second, Mr. T. Barrow. 
Third, Mr. G. Thornley, Middleton. Fourth, Mr. G. Middleton. Fifth, 
Mr. S. Barlow. 
Class N, three Polyanthuses, red grounds, dissimilar.—First, Mr. 
J. Beswick. Second, Mr. G. Thornley. Third, Mr. S. Barlow. Fourth, 
Mr. G. Middleton. Fifth, Mr. T. Barrow. Class 0, Polyanthuses, 
single plants, red grounds. — First, Mr. J. Beswick. Second, Mr. 
G. Thornley. Third, Mr. S, Barlow. Fourth, Mr. J. Beswick. Fifth, 
Mr. S. Barlow. Sixth, Mr. G. Thornley. Seventh, Mr. S. Barlow. 
Class P, Polyanthuses, single plants, black grounds. — First, Mr. J. 
Beswick. Second, Mr. T. Barrow. Third, Mr. G. Thornley. Fourth and 
fifth, Mr. J. Beswick. Sixth, Mr. S. Barlow. Seventh, Mrs. Kyrke 
Penson. Class R, twelve Fancy Auriculas, dissimilar. — First, Mr. 
S. Barlow. Class S, twelve Fancy Polyanthuses, dissimilar. 
Mr. S. Barlow. Class S, twelve Primroses, dissimilar.—First, Mr. 
S. Barlow. _ 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Peaches and Nectarines. — Early Houses. —In the house closed 
early in December the very early varieties, Alexander and Waterloo, 
have the fruit ripe and ripening ; that of Hale’s Early, Royal George, 
and Stirling Castle is now swelling and colouring fast. A circulation 
of air is necessary to secure flavour, but care must be taken not to dry 
the air too much by admitting cutting winds. Elevate the fruits well 
above the foliage by placing laths across the wires for them to rest upon. 
Allow no more shoots than are needed for next year’s supply of fruit and 
the extension of the trees, as crowding prevents the proper developmrat 
of the wood and buds, and hinders their maturation. Continue syringing 
until the fruit commences ripening, and be careful to employ water that 
will not leave a stain upon the fruits. It is well to use clear rain water, 
for stained fruit has not a good appearance. Water inside borders well, 
covering them with a little light non-conducting material, such as partly 
spent manure, which will keep in moisture until the crop is gathered. 
Avoid making the soil sodden by needless waterings, for this has a pre¬ 
judicial effect on the roots, conduces to lack of flavour in the fruRs, and 
encourages an undue amount of spray. Attention must be given to 
outside borders. Remove part only of the covering to let the roots have 
the benefit of warmth and air, leaving enough to prevent chill and 
secure uniform moisture. 
Trees Started Early in the Fear.—Whilst stoning, which is pro¬ 
gressing towards completion, the trees must not be subjected to a higher 
temperature than 60° to 65° by artificial means, commencing to ventilate 
at 65° and not allowing 70° to be exceeded without a free circulation of 
air. If the shoots are crowded thin them well after the stoning is com¬ 
pleted, tying them in as the growths advance. Allow no more than can 
have full exposure to light, pinching laterals to one leaf. Thin the 
fruit to the requisite number when stoned ; one fruit to each shoot of 
last year, or two fruits on vigorous shoots, are a full crop, and they must 
be apportioned so as to maintain equal vigour throughout the trees. 
After stoning maintain a good moisture in the house, watering the inside 
border copiously, supplies in well drained borders being required not less 
frequently than once a week; mulch with not more than a couple of 
incnes thickness of short half-decayed stable manure. If it be^desired 
to accelerate the ripening of the fruit, a night temperature of 65 to 70 , 
70° to 75° by day artificially, may be maintained, with 80° to 85° from 
sun heat, closing early so as to run up to 90° or 95° with abundance of 
moisture. In such a temperature the fruit swells to a large size, and 
with thorough exposure to light, raising the fruit with the apex to the 
sun, drawing the foliage aside or shortening it, the appearance is more 
tempting than that of fruit ripened in a somewhat lower temperature. 
When the fruit is not needed for any given purpose or time it is 
advisable to continue the temperature at 60° to 65° at night, and 6o 
artificially by day in dull weather, and 75° with sun heat, closing at the 
latter with plenty of moisture in the house. 
Trees Started in February.—T )iq fruit is now advanced sufficiently 
to admit of its reduction to the number, or a few more to meet casualties, 
required for the crop. Two fruits may be left on strong shoots, one only 
on weak growths, reserving the best situated for receiving air and light. 
Thin the shoots to the required number for furnishing next year s crop 
and furnishing the trees, allowing no more than can have a fair amount 
of exposure, not needlessly wasting space nor crowding the growths. 
The fruit colours best, and is highest in flavour, when subjected to full 
light from the commencement. Maintain the temperature by artificial 
means at 65° to 60° at night. 60° to 65° by day artificially, ventilating 
at 65°, and fully at 70° to 75°. Syringe the trees well twice a day in 
bright weather, but when dull an occasional forcible syringing is 
preferable to keeping the trees constantly dripping with water. Weakly 
and full-cropped trees should be assisted with liquid manure or surface 
dressings washed in, but strong growing trees will only make more 
growth and stone worse from the use of stimulants. , , . 
Trees Started in J/arc^.—There is nothing gained by delaying 
thinning the fruit, but it should be attended to early and gradually 
followed up from the time that the best fruits can be decided upon, they 
taking the lead in swelling, leaving two or three on strong shoots, and 
one or two on those less vigorous. Ventilate freely on all favourable 
occasions, fire heat only being necessary to prevent the temperature 
falling below 50°, and maintain it at 55° by day. Syringe the trees so 
as to keep them free of insects. Supply liquid manure to weakly trees, 
but employ it sparingly or not at all to vigorous trees, which are more 
prone to cast the fruit in stoning. Remove all shoots that are not 
required for next year’s bearing, for furnishing the trees, or for attract¬ 
ing the sap to the fruit, stopping the latter at two or three joints of 
growth, and to one afterwards, tying the remaining growths to the 
trellis as they advance. 
