May 19, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
387 
1 
another to try to regain their feeding ground, after being shaken down 
by the wind, as they are particularly sensitive to even a jar of the 
bough. Advantage might be taken of this peculiar habit in another 
way, by placing a sticky surface under the nest webs for them to fall 
upon when shaken. In Luton I was informed that the stems of the 
Apple trees were so thickly coated with their webs, in ascending time 
after time, that they closely resemble a coat of whitewash. No birds 
appear to relish this species of caterpillar—even the town sparrow 
despises them, and he would rather fly a mile for caterpillars of the 
winter moth and Oak leaf-rolling moth than notice these. Paris green, 
with a proper sprayer, which distributes it as flue as mist, and care to 
use the specifled strength, taking care as to under crops in gardens, 
would soon restore the trees to their natural luxuriance.” We may also 
add what Mr. Hiam says on the danger of Paris green on Apples 
—namely, “ It requires to be handled with care for several reasons. 
The Evesham Fruit Pests Committee have made careful experiments 
the past two seasons, and so far as is known no injury has arisen 
from using it. By careful observation we found out that the winter 
moth caterpillars, which had been so destructive in 1888 and 1889, 
hatched out and commenced operations at once on the outside of fruit 
buds in the first week of April, instead of towards midsummer, as was 
generally supposed ; and even to the present day many country people 
stick to the old. notion that they come in the air in one of the so-called 
‘ blight ’ clouds that occur occasionally in summer. The object of 
mentioning this is to show that precautions should be taken before the 
buds expand, and not wait until June. The great army of caterpillars 
may be killed before there is a possibility of even touching an Apple 
with the Paris green.” 
Tomatoes Decaying (/. JB .').—The fruit sent are practically 
devoured by the destructive parasite Cladosporium lycopersici. This 
fungus causes the decay of the fruit. It begins with a minute black 
spot, which surrounds the small decaying style, The black spot gradually 
increases in size by new circles of growth, one beyond another in the 
FIG. 67- 
DISEASE OF TOMATOES AS CAUSED BY CLADOSPOEIUM LYCOPERSICI, 
style of fairy rings. The fungus growth at the same time flattens the 
apex of the fruit, till at last the whole substance is blackened and entirely 
destroyed by the Cladosporium. The fungus spreads from the leaves, 
also from one fruit to another, till at last leaves, stems, and fruits are 
all alike rotten. An illustration (fig. 67) is here given of a half destroyed 
fruit, also a view of the assailing fungus enlarged from the microscope 
500 diameters. The brown spores of this Cladosporium are often pro¬ 
duced in such enormous numbers upon both sides of the foliage that 
they fly from the leaves in millions. If the Tomato foliage is briskly 
touched a cloud of spores will taint the air and be distinctly perceptible 
in the mouth and lungs if they are inhaled. Most of the Tomato fungi 
are in their earlier stages quite superficial, so that if remedies are applied 
in good time recovery seems to be possible. Many recipes and sugges¬ 
tions have been printed of late in the Journal of Ilorticulture. All 
such fruits as you have sent should be gathered and burned, the house 
kept warm, dry, and well ventilated, and the ammoniacal solution of 
carbonate of copper remedy, mentioned on page SII the week before last, 
may be tried. But the fungus ought to have been attacked sooner, and 
before it became so firmly established. 
irames of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J, iZ.).—1, Amaryllis formosissima ; 2 , A. Tiarella, send again when in 
flower ; 3, Chlorophytum orchidastrum ; 4, Dielytra eximia ; 5, Lunaria 
biennis (Honesty) ; 6 , Trollius asiaticus. (J. J. A.). — Three is 
Streptosolon Jamesoni. The numbers of the others were displaced. 
The Orchid is Brassia verrucosa, the other Eupatorium rupestre. 
(^J. <?.).—1, Caltha palustris ; 2 , Kerria japonica ; 3, Celsia arcturus. 
(J. K. W.). —1, Arnebia echioides ; 2, Adonis vernalis. {Thirty Years' 
Subscriber'). —1, Tecoma jasminoides or australis ; 2, Maxillaria tenui- 
folia. (2. S., Leeds). —You were right ; it is Odontoglossum Oerstedi. 
{J. iS.),—Odontoglossum maculatum. {Rathmore). —Insufficient for 
identification. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— May 18th, 
Business improving’, but prices remain unaltered. 
Apples, J-sieve. 
AppleSj Canada and Nova 
Scotia, per barrel .. .. 
Apples, Tasmanian, per 
case. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
Carrots, bunch. 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
Celery, bundle . 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
Cucumbers, dozen .. . 
Endive, dozen . 
Herbs, bunch .. ,, . 
Leeks, bunch . 
Lettuce, dozen. 
Mushrooms, punnet .. . 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
1 
0 to 5 
0 
Grapes, New, per lb. 
3 
6 to 4 
C 
Lemoss, case . 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
12 
0 
20 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
St. Michael Piues, saoh ., 
3 
0 
C 
0 
7 
0 
12 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0 
9 
to 1 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
5 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
2 
6 
4 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. ., 
1 
6 
1 
9 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
3 
0 
3 
6 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
2 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS, 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Bluebells, dozen bunches .. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
blooms . 
Cineraria, dozen bunches.. 
Cowslip, dozen bunches .. 
Daffodils (double), dozen 
bunches . 
Daffodils (3ingle),doz. bnch. 
Eucharis, dozen. 
Euphorbia jacquiniseflora 
dozen sprays. 
Freesia, dozen bunches 
Gardenias, per dozen 
Hyacinths, dozen spikes .. 
„ Dutch, per box 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms . 
Lilium (various) dozen 
blooms . 
Lily o£ Valley, doz. sprays 
„ „ doz. bunchs. 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
0 
9 
1 
0 
bunches . 
4 
0 to 
8 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Narciss (various), Scilly 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
pEeonies, dozen blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
9 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Polyanthus, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Primroses, dozen bunches 
0 
6 
0 
9 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
4 
u 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„ YeRow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spiraea, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Tulips, dozen blooms.. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
2 
6 
4 
0 
White Lilac (French) per 
bunch. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Violet Parme, per 
0 
6 
0 
10 
buneh . 
2 
6 
3 
6 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Violet, English, doz. bunch. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Wallflowers, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
Oto 12 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Azalea, per plant 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Calceolarias, per dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen .. 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
4 
0 
8 
0 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 
24 
0 
42 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Erica various, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
„ Willmoreana, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
6 
0 
21 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (small) per hundred 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Pious elastiea, each .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
s. d. s. d. 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 6 0 to 10 0 
Geraniums, Ivy. 6 0 9 0 
Lilac, each .- 20 36 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 10 16 
Lobelia, per dozen .... 6 0 8 0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 8 0 4 0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen ..60 120 
Mignonette, per dozen ..60 10 0 
Musk, per dozen. 3 0 6 0 
Myrtles, dozen . 6 0 9 0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 10 15 0 
,, (specimens) .. .. 21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 4 0 6 0 
„ per dozen ..90 18 0 
Rhodanthes, per dozen .. 6 0 8 0 
Saxifraga pyramidalis ..16 20 
Spirfea, per dozen ,. ..80 12 0 
Bedding Plants in variety in pots and in boxes. 
THE SHEEP TRADE. 
Expressions of wonder at the low price of sheep for such a 
long time are frequently heard, but puzzled flockmasters do not 
appear to be aware of the altered condition of trade which has 
brought this about ; it may be usefully explained. Though the 
trade in home-reared sheep is still growing it does not keep pace 
with our requirements, nor are our growing wants met by a pro¬ 
portionate increase in importations of live sheep ; on the contrary, 
there has been a steady decline for the last six years in the number 
of live sheep imported, till we have fallen from 1,039,000 in 1886 
to 344,504 in 1891. Against this we have in the same period of 
time an increase by 4,500,000 in the number of sheep and lambs 
