402 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ May 26, 1892. 
mendatious were adjudged to Mr. W. E. Wells, Hattou Hurst, Hounslow, 
for Strawberries ; to Mr. W. Armstrong, Toddington, Winchcombe, for 
remarkably good and highly coloured Hale’s Early Peaches ; and to J. L. 
Maunsell, Esq. (Mr. B. Peter, gardener), Somerset Terrace, Guernsey, 
for Muscat Grapes. Votes of thanks were awarded to Lord St. Oswa'd, 
Nostell Priory, for Figs ; to Mrs. Burton, Upper Court, Slough (Mr. 
Wicks, gardener), for Cucumbers; and to Mr. Bowie, Sutherland.^, 
Reading, for Hero of Lockinge Melon. 
A late dessert Apple, Armorel, for which an award of merit was 
granted last year, was again exhibited by Mr. C. Ross, Welford Park 
Gardens, and a first-class certificate awarded. The fruit is medium 
sized, roundish, oblate, lower half yellow, upper half russety, flesh firm, 
yet tender and sugary. The fruits are said to keep till June. 
Mr. E. Beckett, Aldenham House, Elstree, showed some splendid 
samples of Harbinger Lettuce grown in boxes, and presenting an Endive¬ 
like appearance. It was requested that the variety be grown at 
Chiswick. 
Orchid Committee Awards. 
First-class certificates were awarded by the Orchid Committee to the 
following, which will be described another week : —Odontoglossum 
crispum Sanderre, 0. Louryanum, 0. Bleui splendidissimum, and Phaius 
Sanderiana from Messrs. Sander & Co, ; Cypripedium Southgatense 
from Messrs. Lewis & Co., and Cypripedium Vipan from Captain Vipan. 
Awards of merit were made to the following :—Cattleya Mendeli Cook- 
son’s variety and Cypripedium excellens from Messrs, Sander & Co., 
Cymbidium Lowianum viride from Messrs. Lewis & Co., Lselia purpurata 
Handleyana from Mr. Jas. Cypher, and Odontoglossum Wilkeanum 
nobilior from Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co. Botanical 
certificates were awarded to Epidendrum Godseifianum and Oncidium 
Rolfeanum from Messrs. Sander & Co., and Zygopetalum graminifolium 
from Mr. C. J. Lucas. 
Cups and Medals. 
Silver cups were awarded as follows :—To Baron Schroder (with the 
Williams Memorial medal). Sir Trevor Lawrence, C. J. Lucas, Esq., 
Messrs. Sander & Co., Mr. Jas,' Cypher, and Messrs. Charleswortb, 
Shuttleworth, & Co. for groups of Orchids ; to Messrs. Laing & Sons, 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, and Messrs. Cutbush & Son for mixed groups ; 
to Messrs. W. Paul & Son for Roses, to Mr. T. F. Rivers for fruit trees 
in pots, to Mr. A. Waterer for Azaleas, to Messrs, W. & J. Birkenhead 
for Ferns, to Messrs. R. Smith & Co. for Clematises, and to the Marquis 
of Salisbury (gardener, Mr. Norman) for Strawberries. Silver-gilt 
Flora medals were awarded as follows :—To Messrs. J. Carter & Co. for 
Gloxinias, Calceolarias, Pelargoniums, and Mimulus ; to the Earl of 
Portman (gardener, Mr. Prinsep) for Dendrobium nobile ; to F. Wigan, 
Esq., for a collection of Orchids ; to Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son 
for a collection of Azaleas and Amaryllis; to Messrs. H. Low and 
Co., Messrs. Heath & Co., and, Messrs. Lewis & Co. for groups of 
Orchids ; to Mr. H. B. May for a' collection of Ferns ; to Messrs. Back¬ 
house & Co. and the Guildford Hardy Plant Co. for alpine plants ; to 
Messrs. Barr & Son for cut flowers ; to Messrs. Kelway & Son for 
Paeonies ; to Messrs. Laing & Son and Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons for 
Begonias ; to Mr. T. S. Ware for Paeonies and cut flowers, also one for 
Begonias ; to Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, for Roses ; to Mr. C. Turner 
for Pelargoniums ; to Messrs. James & Son for Pelargoniums and Calceo¬ 
larias ; to Messrs. Shuttleworth & Co.for a mixed group ; to Messrs. Perkins 
and Son for bouquets ; to Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son for a group of 
Orchids ; to Mr. Phippen and Messrs. Peed & Sons for groups of plants ; 
and to Mr. H. J. Jones for Pelargoniums. Silver Flora medals 
were awarded to Messrs. G. Paul & Son for alpioes and cut floweis, 
to Messrs. Laing & Son for hardy flowers, to Messrs. Bobbie & Co. for 
Sweet Peas, to Messrs. Shuttleworth & Co. for Ferns and foliage plants, 
to Messrs. J. Veitch & Son ior Gloxinias and Streptocarpus, to F. C. 
Jacomb, Esq., for a group of Orchids, to L. de Rothschild, Esq., for 
Carnations, to Mr, W. Rumtey for Roses, to Messrs. J. & J. Hayes for 
Pelargoniums, to Messrs. H, Low & Co. for Ericas and Pelargoniums, 
to Messrs. Peed & Sou for Gloxinias, and to Messrs. Wallace for Lilies. 
Silver Banksian medals were awarded to Baron Schroder for Coelogyne 
Dayana, H. Mayhew, Esq., for foliage plants, Messrs. Reid and Borne- 
mann for a group, Mr. M: Pritchard for Alpines, Messrs. Cutbush & Son 
for cut flowers, Messrs, Chard & Son and Miss Hassell for table decora¬ 
tions. Messrs. Peed & Son for Ferns and foliage plants, Capt. Elliott for 
Avoids, Mr. T. Gabriel for Calceolarias. Other awards are given under 
“ Fruit and Vegetables.” 
Floral Committee Awards, 
The following is the list of awards by the Floral Committee, and the 
most important of the plants will be described in a later issue. First- 
class certificates were awarded to Pteris crispa densa from Messrs. 
R. Smith & Co. ; Dichorisandra musaica gigantea, Labisia smaragdina, 
Smilax argyraea, Stenandrium Lindeni, Tradescantia Regime, and 
T. superba from L’Horticulture Internationale ; Azalea Mrs. Anthony 
Waterer from Mr. Anthony Waterer ; Pteris serrulata gracilis from Mr. 
H. B. May ; Scolopendrium crispum fimbriatum and S. digitatum majus 
from W. & J. Birkenhead ; and Selaginella elegans from Mr, H, B. May, 
Awards of merit were given to Begonia Leopold Rothschild and 
B. Duchess of Westminster from Messrs. H. Cannell & Son ; B. Duchess 
of Westminster (Laing’s var.), B. Picotee, B. Laing’s Triumph from 
Messrs. J. Laing & Sons ; and Tree Pmony Snowflake from Mr. Thos. S. 
Ware; P. Orme from Messrs. Eelway & Son: Gloxinias Clivo, Cicely, 
and Claribel from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons ; Tea Rose Princess May 
from Messrs. W. Paul & Son; Carnation Mrs. H. Cannell from 
H. Cannell & Son ; Dracama Barsletti and Croton Reidi from Messrs. 
J. Laing & Son ; and seedling Lobelia, Barnard’s Perpetual, from Mr. 
H, Barnard ; Pelargonium Princess May from Messrs. J. & J, Hayes ; 
and Carnation Mrs. J. Devas from Martin R. Smith, Esq. A botanical 
certificate was awarded to Cyrtospernia ferox from L’Horticulture 
Internationale. 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Disbuddinh and Thinning. —During the early periods of growth 
disbudding affords an excellent and ready means of regulating the future 
growth of fruit trees. Much of the growth that starts in spring, 
especially on unfruitful trees, is too rank and thickly disposed. To 
reduce it while still soft is an easy process ; when it has become woody 
a knife is required, the finger and thumb scarcely being strong enough 
to effect a clean removal. Later on such shoots as need discarding 
and which may have become very gross and sappy should not be removed 
wholesale, but gradually, or in the case of stone fruits gumming might 
ensue. Hence the necessity of early attention so that serious checks 
may be avoided. Bush and standard trees frequently produce too much 
central growth. Reduce this as soon as possible to admit light and air 
freely to the remaining growths, ^which will be found later in the 
season to be quite thick enough. 
Thinning Fruit.— Apricots claim regular attention in removing 
the smallest fruit and any that may be inconveniently placed for 
development. This will suffice until the stones are becoming hard, 
when each fruit must have an average space of about 4 inches from its 
neighbour. Peaches and Nectarines may be thinned at the final re¬ 
duction to 9 or 10 inches apart, the latter fruit, however, needing the 
least room. Plums on wall trees are always finer when freely thinned. 
Pears, especially dessert kinds, require all the assistance that good 
culture can give them, as well as their disposal on the trees to develop 
into fine specimens. Eirly thinning is therefore imperative unless the 
crop is very light. Dessert Cherries may be lightly thinned, and 
Morellos g nerally require a moderate amount of thinning, as the set of 
fruit is usually abundant. Unless freely thinned the full flavour of 
Cherries is not fully brought out. Later on Apples will require atten¬ 
tion, as it is the same with this fruit as with others, the scantiest crop 
produces the finest examples, other points in good cultivation being 
followed up at the same time. Gooseberries swell in proportion to their 
ability to draw freely upon the juices of the tree, which they cannot do 
if they have many competitors on the same branch. The more, there¬ 
fore, this and other crops of fruit are thinned the finer will be the fruit 
left. For ordinary purposes, however, Gooseberries do not require 
thinning, but the trees are better for being helped with something 
nutritious at the roots. The benefits of thinning fruit are not alt igether 
confined to the production of superior examples as regards size and 
quality, but the general well-being of the tree is also assured. It 
is impossible for an overcroppel fruit tree to fully perfect its burden of 
fruit, and at the same time build up properly constituted buds for the 
following year. » 
Destroying Insects. —The enemies of fruit trees are numerous 
and peisistent in their attacks when through cultural inattention or 
other causes they gain a looting. Trees on walls are mostly attacked 
by aphides, red spider, weevils, maggots, and caterpillars. Any shoots 
which through ovei sight have become seriously attacked with black or 
green fly may be dipped or syringed with a solution of tobacco water, 
made by pouring boiling water at the rate of half a gallon upon 1 oz. 
of strong tobacco. Let it remain until cold, then strain and add a 
solution of 1 oz. of softsoap to a gallon of water, Tne caterpillars of 
the Gooseberry and Currant sawfly are on the point of hatching their 
eggs on the under side of the leaves. Flowers of sulphur will destroy 
them, the same remedy also curing mildew. One of the most effectual 
remedies for the destruction of the caterpillars of the winter moth, 
which attacks the young leaves and blossoms of Apples and other fruit 
trees, is spraying with the poisonous compound known as Paris green : 
1 oz. of the powder is mixed into a paste with water, and added to 
18 or 20 gallons of water, keeping it well mixed, and delivering it upon 
the inies'ed foliage with a spray distributor. Repeated app icaiions are 
necessary in order to reach newly hatched caterpillars. Many of the 
punctured leaves seen on wall trees are due to weevils, which work in 
the night. They must be sought for with a strong bght after dark, 
having a white sheet spread on the ground below ihe trees on which 
they can fall, and thus be easily seen. All b istered or curled leaves 
ought to he picked off as soon as seen. Keep all wall trees wed syringed 
now the flowering peiiod is past; it will do much to keep flown red spider 
and aphides, and benefit the trees considerably. Cut off the points of 
young shoots of Cunams where aphides have badly attacked them. 
Training Young Growths on Wall Trees. —Aaention ought 
to be regularly given now to the proper training of the growths 
on wall trees, exercising jud ment in selecting the best, shoots for the 
purpo.-ie. Apricots, Peacbe-*, and Nectarines bearing chiefly on the wood 
of the previous year should have a due quantity neatly nailed or tied in 
this seaion. Plums and Cherries may have young wood laid in in a 
WORK^fortheWEEK. 
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