May 26, 1892. ] 
405 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
tinuing the spraying at fortnightly intervals until the foliage is well 
developed, when there is little to fear from mildew. Evening is the 
best time to apply the solution. In cases of attack, act promptly with 
two or three forcible sprayings on alternate evenings. Syringing may 
be practised instead of spraying, but the latter is more effectual and 
•economical. An occasional forcible syringing with c'ear water should 
be given the trees, one good syringing being more effectual than many 
sprinklings in washing off and destroying the spores, and where syringing 
IS properly attended to there is little or no mildew on Peach trees under 
glass. Where syringing or spraying is undesirable on account of plants 
flowers of sulphur should be freely dusted on the trees, espeeially on 
the affected parts, and rubbed on the parts of the fruit infested with 
mildew gently with the finger. That will arrest the spread of the 
mildew ; but it is better to prevent its attacks than to apply remedies, 
for none will efface the effects. See that there is no deficiency of 
moisture at the roots of the trees, and afford thorough supplies of water 
or liquid manure when needed. 
Cross Trellises in Peacb Houses (/2. C.). —The plan of cross 
trellises, instead of having them below the roof increases the extent 
considerably, the trellises being about 4 feet 6 inches apart, and taken 
frona 1 foot of the ground to within that distance of the glass. Each 
trellis will afford space for one tree trained fan fashion. It is important 
not to have the trellises too close, and not to allow the upper part of 
the trees to become too crowded with wood, so as to deprive the lower 
part of the trees of light and a due amount of sap. It is a very good 
plan, but remember the finest fruits are borne on trees trained to 
trellises near the glass, yet some very good Peaches are grown on trees 
trained to cross trellises. 
Cropping- Peach Trees In Pots (IF., Reading'). —It is always 
wise because safe to err on the side of under rather than overcropping 
fruit trees, especially those grown in pots. About one and a half dozen 
fruits toeaeh vigorous tree would be a fair crop, but you must take the 
variety into consideration. If the trees are growing freely and make 
much wood they are capable of carrying more fruit, but if sturdy and 
not making much wood leave the number named ; if weak in growth 
leave less. There is no objection to use perforated zinc over the venti¬ 
lators in summer, provided the perforations are a good size and as 
abundant as the material will allow. The sheets with large perfora¬ 
tions answer perfectly, especially where the openings for ventilation are 
large. Avoid summer shading if you can possibly help it, as Peach and 
Nectarine trees cannot have too much sun. Early ventilation and 
having the leaves dry before the sun acts powerfully upon them is the 
best safeguard against scorching. 
Camellias and Azaleas (IF, Read'mg) —If the Camellias are 
making a good growth they may be shifted into larger pots now or just 
after the buds set, and whilst quite small; but if not growing freely 
leave them as they are for another year, unless they are very mueh root- 
bound, when they may be potted. Camellias and all hardwooded 
plants are best when under rather than over-potted. A size larger pot 
is all the shift they should be given at one time, and Camellias do not 
require this oftener than every second or third year. Turfy loam and 
fibrous peat in equal parts, with a little leaf soil or old cowdung, and a 
free admixture of sand, grow Camellias well, providing very efficient 
drainage. The more fibrous the loam and peat, both of which should 
be light rather than heavy or spongy, the better. Similar remarks apply 
to the Azaleas. Avoid overpotting, and do not give large shifts—that 
is, shift from 48’s into 32’9, and from the last into 24’s. Azaleas require 
a compost of very fibrous sandy peat, and they can hardly be potted too 
firmly, providing good drainage, and adding sand liberally to the peat, 
about one-sixth being necessary in most cases. 
Concentrated Manure for Vines and Garden Crops {^G. II. H.) 
—We conelude from the large amount of sulphate of lime (gypsum), 
which is used to promote the nitrification of organic matter, that night 
soil enters largely into the composition of the manure of which you 
submit an analysis. It contains every essential element needed by 
Vines, but not in due relative proportion, and is rich in organic matter, 
which, by the large amount of lime, will be converted into nitrates, 
chiefiy of calcium (lime). This will strengthen the Vine wood and 
conduce to high finish in the Grapes, provided the foliage is kept eleau 
and not crowded. The phosphate of lime is rather low, also the amount 
of potash ; therefore, for Vines, an addition of steamed bone-meal (not 
superphosphate, as there is abundance of sulphuric acid already) and of 
nitrate of potash would render the manure more valuable for them, and 
counteract the inimical effects likely to follow the excess of acid. The 
alkaline salts are also excessive, but the lime, as already stated, will 
modify their effects, rendering them beneficial instead of harmful. We 
should use the manure for Vines in the following proportions : the eon- 
centrated manure three parts, steamed bonemeal one part, and nitrate 
of potash (saltpetre powdered) half a part, mix and apply at the rate 
of 4 ozs. per square yard at intervals of about six weeks up to the Grapes 
changing colour. The latter dressing may not benefit the current crop 
greatly, but it will prevent exhaustion, and fortify the Vines for next 
year’s bearing. The manure is calculated lo benefit garden crops gener¬ 
ally, especially where the soil is deficient in lime and alkaline matters. 
Hames of Plants. —(Al. J. IF., Leeds) —A variety of Fritillaria 
meleagris, the Snake’s Head Lily ; it is a native plant, (fl". IF).— 
Rhododendron fragrantissimum ; see correspondence, (T. Si). —Cyrtan- 
thus obliquus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. (A. A .)—The Rose 
is probably De Meaux,a miniature form of Rosa centifolia, and popularly 
known ai the Pompon Rose. (A. L.). —We cannot name the Rose, which 
is one of the innumerable florists’ varieties, the names of which can only 
be obtained by comparison with others in a large collection or at a show. 
The variety can be increased by budding or striking cuttings whether 
you have the name or not. If you desire to purchase plants send a bloom 
to one of the great Rose-growing nurserymen, and he will send you 
named plants if he has them. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— May 25th. 
A GOOD business doing, but only at low prices. 
FHUIT. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 
1 
0 to 5 
0 
Grapes, New, per lb. 
3 
6 to 4 
0- 
Apples, Canada and Nova 
Lemoas, case . 
iJ 
0 
15 
J 
Scotia, per barrel ,. .. 
12 
0 
20 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Apples, Tasmanian, per 
St. Michael Pines, each ., 
3 
0 
0 
0 
case. 
7 
0 
12 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
9 
to 1 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Beet, lied, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch . 
u 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen .. 
2 
6 
4 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Herbs, bunch .. ,. ,. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
3 
0 
3 
6 
Lettuce, dozen. 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
2 
4 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE 
WHOLESALE 
PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
to 4 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me-not, 
Bluebells, dozen bunches .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Narciss (various), Scilly 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
Peeonies, dozen blooms 
0 
6 
1 
6 
blooms . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cineraria, dozen bunches.. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Cowslip, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Daffodils (single),doz. bnch. 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Polyanthus, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
2 
6 
5 
0 
Primroses, dozen bunches 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Euphorbia Jacquiniseflora 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
dozen sprays . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Freesia, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
U 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
„ Tea, white, dozen ., 
1 
0 
3 
0 
blooms . 
2 
6 
4 
0 
„ YeUow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium (various) dozen 
Spirrea, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
blooms . 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms,. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lily of Valley, doz. sprays 
0 
6 
0 
10 
Tulips, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ „ doz. bunchs. 
3 
0 
9 
0 
White Lilac (French) per 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunch. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
bunches . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Violet Parme, per bunch .. 
2 
6 
3 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Violet, English, doz. bunch. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Wallflowers, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
s. 
6 
d. s. 
0 to 12 
d. 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 
s. 
6 
d. s. 
0 to 10 
d. 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Geraniums, Ivy. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Azalea, per plant 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lilac, each. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Calceolarias, per dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen ., 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
1-2 
0 
Dracaena terminalis. dozen 24 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
6 
0 
10 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, per dozen. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Erica various, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonvmus, van, dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. 
„ (specimens) .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ (sm'ill) per hundred 
8 
0 
12 
0 
„ per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastiea, each .. .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Rhodanthes, per dozen 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Foliage plants, van, each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Saxifraga pyramidalis 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Spiraea, per dozen 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Bedding Plants in variety in pots and in boxes. 
PLANT FOOD. 
Again has Mr. Thomas Brown given invaluable advice on this 
subject directly to the members of the Norfolk Chamber of Agri¬ 
culture, and indirectly to every agriculturist. Fortunate indeed are 
the members of the West Norfolk Farmers’ Manure Company to have 
such an able chemist as manager, for they can trust him entirely to 
mix their manures more thoroughly than they could do, and to send 
them fertilisers adapted to their requirements. The sum and 
substance of his advice was to avoid doubtful nostrums, however 
tempting in description ; to seek for phosphatic plant food in super¬ 
phosphates, or in bone manure if priced fairly ; for nitrogenous 
plant food in nitrate of soda or in sulphate of ammonia ; and for 
potassic plant food in kainit or muriate of potash ; to buy with 
a guarantee, and seek the advice of a competent chemist. 
Sprengel and Liebig had especial mention as pioneers in this 
work, Sprengel as the first to investigate the properties of soils. 
