June 2, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
425 
charged with moisture, will prevent its appearance. I have seen 
instances where the leaves were so affected by it that they all cupped 
themselves up round the edges, the fruit did not swell to much more 
than half its natural size, and the general progress of the Vine was 
retarded.” The leaves you have sent are not so much affected as to 
cause the “ loss of the crop,” but the Grapes cannot be so satisfactory 
as if the foliage was perfect. There has been an error in management. 
We have seen the affection follow quickly and seriously after a house 
has been kept close and the atmosphere moist too long in the morning 
and the ventilators then thrown open to lower the temperature. Venti¬ 
late early and judiciously, as has been repeatedly advised in our “Work 
for the Week” columns, maintaining a genial atmosphere, but not 
damping too late at night; also permit as great an extension of lateral 
growths as can be disposed without materially shading the older leaves, 
and you may still hope for a fair, if not a full crop of Grapes. 
Head and Under Cardeners (^1. A'.).—We print a portion of 
your communication in another column, and shall be glad to insert 
what is suitable from yourself and other probationers. The point to 
remember in writing to the press is to adhere as closely as possible to 
the subject in hand, and not to take up a theme with the object of 
writing on something else. This is what you appear to have done. 
The major part of your communication is devoted to lecturing head 
gardeners on their failings. Young men can do very little towards 
altering the habits of their elders, and if some of the young would-be 
reformers could do so there would perhaps not be so much real improve¬ 
ment as they imagine. You say there are “ few gardeners who study 
the interests of young men.” This reveals the fact that your experience 
is too limited to enable you to fairly pass judgment on the matter. So 
far from the number of just, right-minded, and considerate gardeners 
being “ few,” we know it is large. If a young man intends to distin¬ 
guish himself in knowledge and good work he will not be deterred by 
an apparent lack of sympathy on the part of his elders. He will simply 
avoid the errors he sees in others, and acquire habits that will help him 
upwards in the battle of life. Some if not most of the best gardeners of 
the day were taught by what they once thought hard taskmasters, and 
few men who have made themselves famous in any calling were the 
pampered pets of grandmotherly employers in their early probationary 
days. Those men who succeeded the best are not deterred by obstacles, 
but make every failure a stepping-stone to a further leap onwards, and in 
the end attain the object of their hopes. If this little lecture, well 
intended as all will admit, deters you from trying your hand at writing 
again it will show that you are lacking in perseverance. We do not, 
however, assume that such is the case, and you can find a far better 
theme than commenting on the assumed shortcomings of your elders in 
the gardening ranks. Even all young men are not paragons, and the 
weakest will go to the wall sooner or later. 
Hed Rust on Rose Trees (A. IF. H .').—The Rose rust is an early 
condition of the Rose brand (Phragmidium mucronatum), the Rose rust 
(Uredo Rosm) being the summer form of spore, and the Phragmidium 
the telentospore or autumn form. The species appear on the leaves in 
the form of small spots, usually very numerous and pale yellow; but 
impart to the leaf tissues a reddish hue around the spots. As the autumn 
approaches, or the fungus matures, the spots become dark brown, and 
the spores then present are larger than those of the “ rust ” stage. The 
spores enter the leaf by pushing their germinal tubes through a stomate 
on the under side of the leaf, and the mycelium grows among, and feeds 
on, the tissues of the leaf, usually causing the greater part to fall early 
in autumn, or sooner, by which the plant is much weakened. No cure is 
known for infested leaves, but the fungus can be prevented and outbreaks 
localised by the use of carbonate of copper in solution, and it is a 
capital plan to remove and burn such leaves as become infested so as to 
prevent the fungus spreading to healthy foliage. The fungicide must be 
prepared from the precipitated carbonate of copper, dissolving 1 oz. in a 
quart of liquid ammonia, and added to 25 gallons of water just before 
application, spraying the bushes upwards so as to reach the under side 
of the leaves. This should be done in June or earlier, when the leaves 
are fairly developed. The ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate 
sometimes blackens the leaves of Roses, Blackberries, and Raspberries, 
therefore its use must be discriminative, and greater care taken than in 
using carbonate of copper in suspension, which is equally efficacious 
provided the copper is well suspended by agitation so as to coat the 
under side of the leaves evenly, repeating at intervals of about three 
weeks from the first leaves becoming fully developed. When carbonate 
of copper is used in suspension an ounce must first be well stirred in a 
small quantity of water, and the mixture thus formed added to 
12^ gallons of water. About three applications are sufficient to prevent 
attack, or where attack occurs to hinder the spread of the fungus. The 
carbonate of copper in suspension does not injure the foliage, but if 
ammoniacal carbonate of copper in solution is used it must be after 
ascertaining on a few growths the safe strength at which to apply it. 
We have found much benefit from collecting the fallen leaves and 
burning them, afterwards dressing the ground with sulphate of iron at 
the rate of three-quarters of a pound per square rod, mixing the sulphate 
of iron with sand so as to insure its even distribution, applying in 
autumn or early spring, and when the ground is wet. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. (<?. A.). 
—Probably Eurya latifolia variegata, but we cannot be certain from a 
solitary and not very good leaf without a line of information respecting the 
character of the plant. We are glad your change is satisfactory. A 
box has been received from “ R. F.” addressed to Mr. E. H. May, and 
without the paper in which a reply is expected being indicated. More¬ 
over, the flower was sent in a loose box without damp moss or any other 
substance being employed to insure its arriving in a fresh condition. If 
this meets the eye of “ R. F.” perhaps he will write again repairing the 
above omissions. {Mace ).—The botanical name of the Bird Cherry of 
which you send a spray is Prunus Padus, the correct name of the herb 
has not yet been satisfactorily determined. {G. IF.).—Narcissus poeticus 
plenus. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—JUNK IST. 
Business brisk, with prices firmer. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 
1 
0 to 5 
0 
Grapes, New, per lb. 
2 
0 to 
4 
0 
Apples, Canada and Nora 
Lemons, case . 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Scotia, per barrel .. .. 
12 
0 
20 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Apples, Tasmanian, per 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
case. 
7 
0 
12 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
9 
to 1 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
Beet. Red^ dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
s 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
2 
6 
4 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
3 
0 
3 
$ 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
0 
1 
6 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms ., 
2 
0 to 
4 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me-not, 
Bluebells, dozen bunches .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
td 4 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. ,. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Narciss (various), Scilly 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
Peeonies, dozen blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
blooms . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cineraria, dozen bunches.. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Cowslip, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Daffodils (single),doz. bnoh. 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Polyanthus, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
2 
6 
5 
0 
Primroses, dozen bunches 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Euphorbia jacquiniaiflora 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
dozen sprays. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Freesia, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
U 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
blooms . 
2 
6 
4 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium (various) dozen 
Spiraea, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
blooms . 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lily of Valley, doz, sprays 
0 
6 
0 
10 
Tulips, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ „ doz. bunchs. 
3 
0 
9 
0 
White Lilac (French) per 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunch. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
bunches 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Violet Parme, per bunch .. 
2 
6 
3 
s 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Violet, English, doz. bunch. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Wallflowers, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
1. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8, 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arbor Vit® (golden) dozen 
6 
Oto 12 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. ,. 
6 
Oto 10 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Geraniums, Ivy. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Azalea, per plant 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lilac, each. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Calceolarias, per dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. ,. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen ., .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen ,. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cupressus, large plants,eaoh 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Draesna terminalis, dozen 
?4 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
6 
0 
10 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, per dozen. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Erica various, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonvmus,var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. 
„ (specimens) ,. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ (small) per hundred 
8 
0 
12 
0 
„ per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Rhodanthes, per dozen 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Saxifraga pyramidalis 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. ..60 12 0 
Bedding Plants in varie 
Spir»a, per dozen .. .. 
ty in pots and in boxes. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
PROFITABLE CATTLE. 
Hames of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
This is an inclusive term which comprises cattle of all ages, 
from a calf up to the finished steer of thirty months, at which 
age well-bred animals are now usually sent to the butcher. Brisk 
