428 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ June 9, 1892. 
to be determined readily in one way—perfume ; the former is 
scentless. Both are of upright growth, the flowers are racemose, 
and much larger than the type in every way.—E. Molyneux. 
GLOBE FLOWERS. 
The great yellow globes of the Trollius are attractive either 
growing wild or in gardens, and they help the mixed border just 
at a time when aid is wanted, when something conspicuous and 
vigorous in growth is required to overcome the untidy substratum 
of the leaves of the spring bulbs, which are anything but 
ornamental during the latter half of May, but which have to be 
endured for all that. Trollius is a name coined on a Latin 
model by mediaeval herbalists from a German base, and signifies 
Globe Flower. The name occurs in Gerarde, who gives also 
Locker-gowlans as a popular title, this being no doubt a corruption 
of the Scotch Lucken-gowanq or Cabbage Daisies. Another old 
English name for the plant is “ Bolts ”—that is, round balls. The 
native Trollius has flowers which can fairly be called globes, but 
some of the foreign species have less right to the title. The 
American Trollius for instance has an open spreading flower, and 
a poor shabby flower too (see “ Botanical Magazine,” tab. 1988), 
and is more in place in a botanical garden than in an ornamental 
flower border. 
The genus Trollius may be broadly divided into three—the 
European Globe Flower (T. europmus) with true globes, nearly or 
quite closed by the overlapping sepals, yellow in colour ; the 
Asiatic (T. asiaticus), with a more expanded flower of an orange 
colour ; and the American (T. americanus) described above, though 
the name is often wrongly given to varieties of T. europseus. 
Botanists, however, have recognised eight or nine true species, and 
we find besides many named varieties in nursery catalogues. The 
European kind, which is common as a wild plant in North Wales 
and the North of England, has been enlarged and improved by 
cultivation, and we find varieties growing 3 feet high, and. with 
flowers nearly 3 inches across. The largest flowers I have belong 
to a variety in which the g’obe is considerably flattened, the foliage 
much cut, and the whole plant of low stature. Another kind is 
called T. napellifolius by nurserymen, and is perhaps the largest 
form of T. europseus. 
The flowers of the typical T. asiaticus are smaller than those of 
the cultivated europmus ; the sepals, which look like petals, are 
pale orange, and the true petals, which are short and narrow, and 
grow amongst the stamens, are of a deeper orange, and give their 
tint to the whole flower. Some very fine varieties of this species, 
which belongs more especially to central and northern Asia, have 
recently been introduced by those excellent pioneers of botanical 
science, the Russians, and distributed from the St. Petersburg 
Imperial Gardens by the late Dr. Regel. Another very fine form 
has been longer in cultivation, under the name of T. Fortunei or 
“ T. japonicus flore-pleno.” It is probably a horticultural develop¬ 
ment of Japan or China, and where it does well is the handsomest 
of all the genus. Unfortunately it is not hardy on cold soils, and 
I have tried in vain to make it ornamental in Cheshire. 
Three years ago I received some seedling plants of a Trollius 
from Mr. Thompson of Ipswich, the flowers of which are of a very 
rich deep orange, while the growth is robust, and even in this 
spring of late frosts has continued uninjured. I believe Regel 
called this var. aurantiacus, and it may perhaps be the same as 
Ledebour figured and described in his “ Flora Altaica ” eighty years 
ago. Some of these Asiatic varieties, however, seem very close to 
each other, and E. Boissier in his “Flora Orientalis” describes two 
Caucasian species, which he says are very like each other, and come 
near some forms of europseus. Perhaps it is one of these which 
Mr. Ware exhibited last year at the Regent’s Park Show as 
T. caucasicus, and which was much admired. Sir J. Hooker in his 
“ Flora of British India ” describes two other species, distinct by 
their dwarf growth, which they lose in gardens if those in culti¬ 
vation under the names are true to kind. I am sorry to say, 
however, that names of Trollius amongst nurserymen are by no 
means consistent, some excuse for this being afforded by the 
habit which this plant has in gardens of departing from its natural 
characters. 
To cultivate the Globe Flowers successfully the soil must be 
rich and retentive, the situation sheltered and not fully exposed to 
scorching sun. Their growth is somewhat slow, and if a small 
piece grown in a pot is planted out it will be two or three years in 
becoming a fine plant. Even when divided and transplanted a 
large piece takes more than one year to establish itself, so as to 
show its best qualities. When dry east winds prevail through 
March and April the plants of Trollius should be well mulched 
with rich soil, and the Asiatic varieties will be found more impatient 
of drought than the European. The most satisfactory way of 
getting well-established plants is to grow them from seed. This 
should, of course, be obtained from the best kinds, and, as in the 
case of all this tribe of spring flowers, should be sown as soon as 
ripe, when it may be expected to grow the following spring, and 
flower the second spring. The different species seem readily to 
form crosses, and good developments, both in size and colour, may 
be expected from them. Though I have many plants, which are 
evidently hybrids between the European and the Asiatic kinds, 
there has been as yet no remarkable improvement in this garden ; 
but I look upon the whole genus as one well worth attention in 
suitable soils. 
Besides those before mentioned, I may add two very fine forms 
received from nurseries, called T. Demayanus and T. Gibsoni (the 
last flowering late), but I cannot verify the names.—0. Wolley 
Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas. 
THE CULTIVATION OF LATE BROCCOLI. 
Mr. Chinnery’s remarks under the above heading in the 
Journal for May 19th (page 371) cannot fail to be of interest to 
many gardeners at the present time, and as we are generally 
very successful with this important crop I gladly state what I 
believe to be the reason for it. Some five or six years ago someone 
was writing in the Journal (I believe Mr. Iggulden) advocating 
more exposed situations for all kinds of winter greens, and every 
winter since I have been more and more convinced of the sound¬ 
ness of his remarks. I think if gardeners could only grow Broccoli 
where they would not be shut in by high walls or sheltered in any 
way we should hear of less failures. My plan is to sow the seed 
very thinly some time in April in a bed fullv exposed and away 
from trees or walls, and plant out before the seedlings become 
crowded on a quarter that is not highly manured. We allow them 
as much room as possible (usually about feet each way) especi¬ 
ally the late varieties ; they are kept clear of weeds, so that the 
plants may have all the light and air possible. I should have said 
our kitchen garden slopes sharply to the south and is without any 
protection from that quarter or the south-west. I never protect 
them in winter in any way or heel them over, and although of 
course their outer leaves will leave the tips withered by cold 
winds we rarely have any killed by the frost splitting the stems. 
The three latest varieties I grow are Leamington, with Sutton’s 
Standwell and Late Queen. We have just finished cutting Stand- 
well, and I hope this year to have Late Queen well into June. 
I attribute our success principally to the hardy manner in which 
the plants are grown from the first, and to the exposed position of 
the garden. If I was obliged to plant in sheltered places I should 
sow the seed in May, and plant out on ground that had not been 
freshly dug. The winter of 1890 and 1891 was unusually severe 
here as elsewhere, and as an instance of the effects of frost on 
plants in different parts of the same garden I may mention I had 
several rows of Black-seeded Bath Cos Lettuce planted on an open 
quarter, and did not lose one by the severe weather, while those 
left in the seed bed, which happened to be in a sheltered position, 
were all killed. We are at the present time cutting Commodore 
Nutt Lettuce from plants put out in the open ground last 
autumn, and these have never had the slightest protection, although 
the weather here this winter has been severe enough to con¬ 
siderably damage Yews and Rhododendrons. 
Other instances I could mention which tend to prove (to me at 
least) that if we wish for Broccoli or any other crop of the kind 
to stand the weather, the plants must not be tenderly reared or 
accommodated with too rich a soil.—C, O. Sjoquist, The High 
Beeches, Ilandcross, Sussex. 
Two New Odontoglossums. 
Amongst the many attractive novelties in Messrs, Sander 
and Co.’s collection of Orchids at the Temple Show were the 
two beautiful Odontoglossums Louryanum and crispum Sanderge. 
The former (fig. 74) is a species of considerable beauty, and has 
presumably been named in honour of Mons. Loury of the Jardiu 
des Plantes, Paris. It is not a'brilliantly coloured flower, but one 
in which there is an almost perfect harmony of hues, being a 
combination of light brown, yellow and white. The sepals are 
