January 8,18tl. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
85 
undesirable the ripening effect produced by abundance of light and the 
careful avoidance of heavy or prolonged shading is a great advantage to 
the plants. Well-grown Cattleyas that completed their growth before 
winter have leaves as firm as leather, and are therefore better prepared 
to resist the trials of a winter in this climate than those with soft and 
fleshy foliage. The roots of your plants, too, indicate that all is not well 
with them. Possibly the peat in which they are grown is unsuitable, or 
water may have been too freely supplied under the conditions named. 
We have seen important collections partially ruined by excess in this 
matter, and it is one of the dangers that have to be contended with 
under the “non-shading” system some have advocated and practised. 
Whenever plants of any kind are weakened in constitution they are 
liable to be attacked by fungoid diseases. Orchids are subjected in this 
way to the evil influence of several species of minute fungi. One of the 
principal, however, to which spot in Orchids has been attributed is 
Protomyces concomitans, which spreads very readily, and it is probable 
that this, with others, has helped the ill effects produced on your plants. 
The spots and black blotches extend, and a good portion of the leaf and 
sometimes of pseudo-hulb is destroyed, and though the term “ rot ” is 
applied to the more extensive injury they seem to be of similar origin. 
Cutting away the diseased portions before they are too far advanced and 
applying sulphur to the wounds has been proved to be advantageous in 
arresting the progress, but if the plants are badly affected the best plan 
is either to destroy them or place them where they can be completely 
isolated from all healthy stock. We suggest that you adopt this 
course at present, maintaining a temperature of 55° to G0°, giving 
comparatively little water, either in the atmosphere or to the roots ; but 
do not allow the leaves to shrivel in the slightest. Allot them a light 
position, not too near the glass, and where they will be safe from drip ; 
then, when they are potted, see that the material is good, free from 
decaying substances, and cut away all bad roots. Employ clean well- 
drained pots, and give the plants another trial under the conditions 
advised— i.e,, plenty of light, a good temperature rising to 70°, and more 
with sun heat, and liberal ventilation in fine weather, but avoiding cold 
draughts and chills. If this treatment produces no satisfactory results 
your only course will be to procure a fresh healthy stock, and follow the 
system advised from the first. If you wish to have the stamps returned 
please supply your full postal address. We cannot be made the medium 
of forwarding anonymous letters to anyone. 
Names of Fruits. —The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
sixispecimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (Lieut.-Col. Thomas'). — The Apple is in all probability a 
local seedling, and has no generally recognised name. (Al L.). —1, 
Bramley’s Seedling; 2, Lane’s Prince Albert; 3, Mere de M6nage ; 4, 
Blenheim Pippin; 5, Dumelow’s Seedling; G, Court Pendfi Plat. We 
only name six varieties, according to rule. 
Names of Plants, —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often diflScult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(A. B.). —1, A small and pale variety of Maxillaria picta ; 2, Polypodium 
aureum. (IF. .K.).—1, Adiantum cuneatum var. deflexum ; 2, Adiantum 
mundulum. (77. S.). —Trifolium arvense (the Hare’s-foot Trefoil). 
(J. 11. B.). —The Cypripediums are as follows 1, C. Sedeni, a hybrid 
between C. Schlimi and C. longifolium, one of the most useful Orchids 
grown, as it is nearly always in flower ; 2 is a good variety of 
C. insigne ; 3, C. villosum. 
COVENT OAEDEN MARKET.— January 7th. 
' The long-continued frost is seriously checking business in this market, and with 
foreign goods arriving in poor condition prices of sound goods are higli. 
FRUIT. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Apples, i sieve. 
1 
6 
to C 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. 
20 
0to28 
0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Melons, each .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Canada, per barrel 15 
0 
26 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
9 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Eentisb Cobs „ 
55 
0 
60 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
• • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, pnnnet 
• * 
1 
6 to 
3 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Beet, Ked, dozen • • • • 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. .. 
• • 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Salsafy, bundle .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, doz. 
2 
0 
8 
6 
Seakale, per bkt. .. 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Endive, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. .. 
• • 
0 
S 
0 
0 
Herbs,bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel ,. 
• • 
5 
0 
G 
0 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. 
• • 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
S 
Turnips, bunob .. 
»• 
0 
0 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. 
CUT FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
P. 
d. 
R. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 to 12 
0 
Mimosa (Fnch.,) per bnch 
0 
0 to 2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Narciss (Paper-white). 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
French, doz. bunches .. 
4 
0 
10 
0 
Chrysanthemum, 12 blms. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Do. Do. English, 
1 , 12 bunches 
3 
0 
9 
0 
per bunch . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Epiphyllum, doz. blooms 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
Prtmula(double)l2 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
O' 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
& 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Rod, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lilac (French) per buneh 
5 
0 
8 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ longiflorura,12 blms. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Yellow. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
sprays . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Tulips, per dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Violets (Parme), per bch. 
0 
0 
8 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (dark), per bch... 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Wallflower, doz, bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
B. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Hydrangea, doz. pots .. 
9 
0 to 18 
0 
Arbor Vitae (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
LUium lancifolium, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemum, per doz. 
6 
0 
24 
0 
„ longiflorum, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Climbing Plants, various, 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 
4 
0 
6 
0 
dozen pots. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lobelia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen ., 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Epiphyllum, per dozen.. 
12 
0 
80 
0 
Musk, per dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erica, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
13 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, dozen pots 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastioa, each.. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Poinsettia, per doz. 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stocks, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Geraniums Scarlet, p. doz. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Tropseolums, various, per 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
dozen . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
pots. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Tulips, dozen pots .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
DAIRY AND FRUIT FARMING. 
In his address to the pupils of the Aspatria Agricultural College,, 
at the prize distribution in December, Sir James Whitehead called 
particular attention to these two branches of farming, pointing out 
in clear and forcible terms how much both were neglected, how 
speedy improvement was possible, and how profitable such improve¬ 
ment would prove as an adjunct to the usual round of crops, and 
thus furnish that margin of profit which is required for the 
provision of a just rent for the landlord, a comfortable living for 
the tenant, and fair wages for the labourer. To the pertinent 
inquiry why in our large towns butter from Denmark and Brittany 
sells at higher prices than our own. Sir James was undoubtedly 
quite right in answering that it was owing to the careless and 
unscientific preparation of our own dairy produce and the skilful 
and intelligent treatment of it in those countries. He also 
explained how dairy farming had been taken up by the Danish 
Government as a matter of national importance, how skilful 
instructors were sent to all parts of the kingdom, and inspectors- 
kept in every market, so that if any dairy is found to be sending 
out butter of an inferior quality an inquiry is instituted and the 
defects remedied, and how this judicious combination of practice 
with science accounts for the high reputation which Danish butter 
has in the London market for uniformity and excellence. 
Brief, but pithy and forcible, remarks on poultry came next. 
“ Why,” it was asked, “ do we need to import millions of pounds- 
worth of eggs and poultry every year ? There is but one answer. 
It is simply from lack of enterprise and information.” As a lesson 
in enterprise the recent action of Canadian farmers may be cited. 
The heavy blow dealt' them by the McKinley Tariff, by which 
their trade with the United States was practically ruined, induced 
them to look elsewhere for a market. The fact that we annually 
import about 1,200,000.000 eggs impelled them to try once more 
the experiment of sending eggs to the English market. The first 
consignment arrived in excellent condition, and the eggs met with 
