JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
January 15, 1891. ]' 
67 
soil. Do not trouble to wash it in, as in outside borders the rains will 
do that fast enough, whilst inside borders will not need more water 
than that culturally given. A good soaking of tepid liquid manure 
when the Vines are started would be more beneficial, repeating it so as 
to moisten the soil thoroughly down to the drainage. Watering the 
lime in would be likely to make the soil sodden and prejudice the 
early formation of roots. Lime is, nevertheless, important as a soil 
constituent, but for speedy action we should advise steamed bonemeal 
or superphosphate of lime, the former preferably. This would give the 
needful lime and the indispensable phosphoric acid. A quarter of a 
pound is a proper quantity to apply per square yard. This can be given 
m addition to the dressing of lime, in which case use superphosphate, 
which will afford sulphur as well as phosphoric acid, and combining 
with the lime will form sulphate of that substance, which assists in the 
formation of chlorophyll, and improves the fruit. The superphosphate 
may be given at the same rate as the steamed bonemeal. Potash is an 
essential food of Vines ; the nitrate, perhaps, its most active form, but 
in some cases better results are had from commoner forms, which, 
though containing less potash, include other ingredients. Kainit, for 
instance, contains soda and magnesia, which are of particular benefit on 
light soils. In using nitrate of potash the greatest benefit accrues when 
other substances are present, and where there is reason to know potash 
is most needed. Half an ounce per square yard is ample. There is no 
need to wash it in, but it may be so treated in the case of inside 
borders, remembering that the more it is washed in the more is likely to 
run away. Disposed on the surface and left to rains or cultural 
watering it will be gradually taken down and become absorbed, after which 
there is little danger of washing it out of the soil. The Peach borders 
may be treated similarly to the Vine borders. Lime is essential for 
stone fruits, and in addition to the lime we should give a dressing of 
steamed bonemeal, and follow with a sprinkling of muriate of potash, at 
the rate of 1^ to 2 ozs. per square yard. These will not save the 
Peaches from non-setting, for it is due to imperfect development of the 
buds and lack of stored food, but it will assist those setting to swell and 
finish satisfactorily, forming better wood for future crops. The best 
cure, however, for non-setting and stoning unsatisfactorily is lifting and 
providing firmer soil with more phosphatic and less nitrogenous manure. 
The Figs will be assisted materially by curtailing their rooting area, 
which in width does not seem excessive, whatever ii may be in length. 
Taking out the border as you propose and filling it with fermenting 
materials is an old plan and answers well where the wood of the Fig 
trees is well ripened, on which casting the fruit in a great measure 
depends, but many crops are lost through negligent and insufficient 
watering. Care must be taken not to heat the border too highly; a 
temperature of 60° to 65° will suffice for the roots in the early stages 
of growth. Too much heat forces growth unduly, then the fruit does 
not so much as attain the size of Walnuts. Plenty of light, air, and 
good feeding are the essential of Fig culture, and the firmer the soil, 
the more calcareous and gritty it is the better, provided feeding is well 
attended to. 
Tfames of Fruits.— The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (Ji L. C .').— 1, Striped Beefing ; 2, Court Pendff Plat; 3, 
Old Nonpareil ; 4, Northern Greening ; 6, Hanwell Souring. The Pear 
is Doyennfi du Comice. (^Amateur'). —1, Ord’s Apple ; 2, Shepherd’s 
Fame ; 3, Dredge’s Fame. 
M’ames of Plants,—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J ‘—1, Lmlia anceps; 2, Odontoglossom Cervantesi; 3, Sophronitis 
grandiflora (a good variety) ; 4, Masdevallia polysticta ; 5, Maxillaria 
nigrescens. (IF. M.). —1, Selaginella Martensi ; 2, Selaginellainvolvens ; 
3, Selaginella Kraussiana variegata. 
COVENT GAEDEN MARKET. —January 11th. 
The long-continuecl frost is seriously checking business in this market, and mth. 
foreign goods arriving in poor condition prices of sound goods are high. 
VEGETABLES. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen., .. 
Celery, bundle. 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
Cucumbers, doz. 
Endive, dozen. 
Herbs, bunch. 
Leeks, bunch .. .. .. 
Lettuce, dozen. 
B. d. 8. d. 
0 0 to 0 0 
0 6 0 0 
10 0 0 
2 6 8 0 
16 0 0 
0 4 0 0 
2 0 4 0 
10 18 
2 0 4 0 
2 0 8 6 
10 0 0 
0 2 0 0 
0 2 0 0 
0 D IS 
s. 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 1 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 0 
Onions, bushel.8 
Parsley, dozen bunches 2 
Parsnips, dozen ., .. 1 
Potatoes, per cwt.3 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 0 
Salsafy, bundle ., ., 1 
Scorzonera, bundle ,, .. 1 
Seakale, per bkt.2 
Shallots, per lb.0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 5 
Tomatoes, per lb.0 
Turnips, bunch ,, ., 0 
d. B. d. 
6 to 2 0 
2 0 0 
0 4 0 
0 SO 
0 0 0 
0 4 0 
2 0 0 
0 16 
6 0 0 
0 2 6 
8 0 0 
0 6 0 
4 0 8 
0 0 4 
FRUIT. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Apvlea, J sieve. 
1 
6 
to 6 
0 
Lemons, case. 
15 
Oto 24 
0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Melons, each . 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Canada, per barrel 15 
0 
26 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
9 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Kentish Cobs „ 
55 
0 
60 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. 
• 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 to 12 
0 
Mimosa (Pnch.,) per bnch 
0 
0 to 2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Narciss (Paper - white), 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
French, doz. bunches .. 
4 
0 
10 
0 
Chrysanthemum, 12 blms. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Do. Do. English, 
„ 12 bunches 
Epiphyllum, doz. blooms 
3 
0 
9 
0 
per bunch . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
4 
0 
6 
U 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Red, 12 blooms ., 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lilac (French) per bunch 
5 
0 
8 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ longiflorum,12 blms. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Yellow. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
sprays . 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Tulips, per dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
» 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Violets (Parme), per bob. 
0 
0 
8 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (dark), per bch... 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Wallflower, doz. bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
Oto 12 
0 
Hydrangea, doz. pots ,. 
9 
0 to 18 
0 
Arbor Vitse (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Lilirim lancifohum, doz. 
„ longiflorum, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemum, per doz. 
6 
0 
24 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Climbing Plants, various, 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 
4 
0 
6 
0 
dozen pots. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lobelia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ vu-idis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Epiphyllum, per dozen.. 
12 
0 
80 
0 
Musk, per dozen ,. ., 
Myrtles, dozen . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erica, various, dozen 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, dozen pots 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen. . 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastica, each. . .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Poinsettia, per doz . 
9 
0 
15 
0 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stocks, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Geraniums Scarlet, p. doz. 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Tropseolums, various, per 
dozen . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
pots. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Tulips, dozen pots .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Since writing the last farm article we have received our copy 
of the fourth quarterly number of the Journal of the Royal 
Agricultural Society for 1890, and find in the report of the farm 
prize competition in connection with the Plymouth meeting an 
account of Mr. J. W. Lawry’s fruit farming near Saltmarsh, on 
the banks of the River Tamar, of such interest to prospective fruit 
farmers that we purpose devoting this paper specially to it, and 
show something of results for their guidance and encouragement. 
The farm, we are told, comprises 60 acres of arable land, 9^ of 
pasture, and 30 of orchards and fruit gardens. The greater part is 
held under a yearly tenancy from the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe. 
Mr. Lawry was born and brought up on the farm, and succeeded 
his father as tenant twenty-four years ago. Since then he has 
converted a portion of the land into orchard and fruit gardens, 
and has built up a profitable trade in fruit. It came about in this 
way. When he was in London to see the Exhibition of 1862 he 
went to Covent Garden.Market, and had his attention specially 
attracted by the prices asked for Strawberries. “ Knowing,” says 
the report, “ that his father had in his little garden in Cornwall 
some fruit which was quite equal to that for which such high 
prices were asked, the idea struck him to have some forwarded to 
him to try to sell. He wrote his father accordingly, and all was 
sent him that could be found, but owing to ignorance in the art of 
packing the fruit on arrival was quite unsaleable. But Mr. Lawry 
was not disheartened, so instead of grieving at his failure and 
abandoning the project he set to work to overcome the difficulties, 
and with such success that shortly aftewards his fruit became the 
