January 29,1891. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
97 
fruit during the ensuing season. The new plantation will be the most 
likely to give the greatest permanent satisfaction. 
Plantingr Fruit Trees (id James). —No doubt several persons are 
in a similar position with yourself. You ordered a number of trees in 
the autumn, but did not receive the whole of them, and of those you did 
receive only planted about half before the frost came, the others being 
well heeled in, and now ask if you had better complete your planting 
this spring or wait till the autumn. We should certainly complete the 
planting this season, letting the trees remain heeled in till the ground is 
in very good condition, and order the remainder to be sent and lay them 
in also till the most favourable opportunity arrives for planting. With 
judgment in that respect, and the work well done, you may expect the 
spring-planted trees to grow quite as well as those that were planted 
just tefore the frost, and it is not unlikely they will succeed better. The 
subject will have further attention. 
Gardenias Cankered at the Collar (A'.).—The specimen sent 
is very badly affected by canker, and plants in a similar condition are 
past recovery. It is usually caused by an excess of water or moisture 
at the “ collar,” which destroys the epidermal tissue, causing an escape 
of extravasated sap, that, on exposure to atmospheric influences, oxidises, 
and a destruction of the bark ensues. It arises also from an excess of 
nitrogenous and a deficiency of mineral constituents in the soil for the 
proper solidification of the tissue. The only plan likely to do any good 
is to use a little dissolved bone occasionally, sprinkling it on the surface 
of the soil to be washed in, and when watering is necessary, use a table¬ 
spoonful of soot, brought to the consistency of paste with water, to 
every three gallons cf water used. In potting, the collar should be kept 
rather high, so as to prevent water lodging around it. 
Barked Fruit Trees (J'. S. J. H.). —In addition to making smooth 
the torn edges of the bark and plastering we do not know what more 
can be done except carefully planting two seedling Crab or Apple stocks 
close to each tree, inarching these to the trees by slicing from the 
ground upwards to a length of 6 inches of the stem above the gnarled 
parts. In this way young fruit trees have been restored which would 
otherwise have been destroyed in consequence of the stems being 
deeply eaten all round by rabbits. The sliced portions of the stems 
must be absolutely clean for tbeir union to be effected. When secured 
they must be clayed in the usual manner adopted in grafting, and no 
fissures allowed in the pigment to admit the air. Thin coverings which 
quickly become dry are of little use. You will find the information 
you require respecting the Amorphophabus on page 85, the other plant 
we do not know ; have you not mistaken the name ? Is it Buphane 
ciliaris ? 
Transplanting IVXarechal TTiel Rose, Auriculas, Tillies 
( F. B .).—The Rose will grow either in a box inside the house or in a 
border outside, and the stem brought through in the same way as in 
planting Vines. We have seen excellent results by both methods, 
though some persons are apt to give too much water to Roses in boxes 
at one time and not enough at others, and hence fail. The planting 
out is the easier method, but the stem outside should be protected with 
hay bands. You may remove the Rose at any time when the ground is 
in a favourable condition, just as the top buds are swelling being a 
good time for transplanting, thtn cutting the stems back severely. 
Auriculas may be taken up and petted as soon as signs of fresh growth 
are apparent. A. frame will be suitable for them, affording protection 
from frost when growth is active. You may withdraw the Lily of the 
Valley from the ashes and place them in the greenhouse. If they can 
be plunged in leaves there all the better, covering the crowns with 
them also 2 or 3 inches deep till the growths push freely from them. 
Decayed Seaweed (^Devonsldre Subscriber). —The constituents 
vary according to the different plants or Seaweeds. Fucus digitatus 
contains 20 6(5 per cent, of potash, 7 65 soda, 6 86 magnesia, 10-91 lime, 
2 36 phosphoric acid, 12-33 sulphuric acid, 1-44 silica, 0 57 peroxide of 
iron, and 26-18 chloride of sodium. Fucus serratus contains 3-98 per 
cent, potash, 18 67 soda, 10 29 magnesia, 14-41 lime, 3 89 phosphoric 
acid, 18-59 sulphuric acid, 0 38 silica, 0-30 peroxide of iron, 16.56 
chloride of sodium. In the green state Seaweeds supply chiefly nitrogen 
and potash to a soil, decomposing rapidly, and are excellent manure, 
but a quantity is needed—viz., 20 to 30 tons per acre. They should be 
used as a potasso-nitrogenous manure. Reduced to mould their value 
is similar in furthering plant growth to leaf soil, differing only in the 
enlarged amounts of potash and soda, and may be used in the same 
way. Dried and burnt the constituents would be as given above, but 
the value of the soil would be gone, the mineral only remaining, and 
chiefly valuable for its potash, soda, and phosphoric acid. In the mould 
stace the organic matter would contribute considerably to plant growth, 
mainly from the humus, though the carbonic and nitrogenous elements 
would act beneficially. It may be used for the plants you name to the 
extent of one-third of loam, or if the loam be turfy a fourth would be 
sufficient, as its action would be directed to increase foliage, and in 
plenty of light to improve the colour of foliage and flowers. 
Cabbages Clubbing (IF. G, C.). —Usually most prevalent and 
disastrous in plants grown in ground long or frequently cropped with 
Brassicas, a change of soil is most effectual in securing immunity from 
clubbing. A Pea or Bean crop alternating with those of Brassicas is 
very desirab’e. Lime, soot, and trenching are good, but having tried 
those as well as petroleum, which is not a useful application to soils, we 
advise a dressing of fresh gas lime. A quarter hundredweight is a 
proper dressing for a square rod of ground that is soon to be cropped. 
It should be distributed evenly on the surface, and left there without 
more mixing with the soil than a light scratching over with a fork to- 
insure its better distribution. It must be left a few weeks, say six,, 
during which its poisonous elements will have sufficiently acted on the 
clubbing pests to render them innocuous, and the atmosphere ha/ve 
converted the sulphite and sulphide into sulphate of lime, w-hereby it is- 
transformed from a poisonous into a useful plant food, and may be- 
mixed with the soil advantageously. In autumn it may be applied in. 
double quantity, leaving it on the surface, or very lightly scratched in, 
over the winter, mixing with the soil before putting in the crops. 
Sulphate of lime or gypsum, into which gas lime, as before stated, is 
converted, is useful as a manure for Brassicas, absorbing and. “ fixing ” 
ammonia, liberating potash from some of its insoluble compounds. 
Fresh gas lime must not be applied to ground occupied by the roots of 
fruit trees. Iron sulphate is a good manure for Brassicas^ where the 
soil does not contain its oxides in excessive quantity, and it destroys 
parasites that prey on vegetation. Three-quarters o: a pound is a 
proper quantity to apply to a square rod, and is best mixed with sancT 
to insure its even distribution. It may be applied at the time o? 
putting in the crops or prior thereto during moist weathen Np pointing 
in is necessary. 
Thames of Plants, —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry, 
wool the worst. Not more than s’x specimens can be named at once-; 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures,, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp,- 
(J'. B. T.). — 1, Cattleya Trianm, a good variety. 2, Masdevallia 
amabilis. 3, 0 lontoglossum Cervantesi decorum. 4, Oncidium cheiro- 
phorum. 5, Cypripedium callosum. (5. R. 0.). —1, Selaginell?, 
Martensi. 2, Selaginella serpens. 3, Sa'aginella Kraussiana, often, 
named S. denticulata in gardens. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— January 28th. 
The market is unaltered. 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
6. 
d. 
B. d. 
e. 
Oi. 
Artichokes, dozen ,. .. 
0 
0 
to 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
1 6 
to 2 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 3 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
8 0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
2 
6 
3 
0 
2 0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 0 
0 
a. 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per ewt. 
3 0 
4 
0 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 S 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 0 
1 
8 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, doz. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Seakale, per bkt. 
2 0 
2 
6. 
Endive, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 8 
U 
Herbs, bunch .. .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
5 0 
6 
0 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. .. 
0 4 
u 
8 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
S 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 0 
0 
41 
FRUIT. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. d. 
0. 
e^■ 
Apples, J sieve. 
1 
6 
to 6 
0 
Lemons, case .. 
15 0 to 24 
u 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Melons, each. 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
0 0 
0 
O' 
Canada, per barrel 15 
0 
26 
0 
4 0 
9 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
9 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 0 
6 
0 
Kentish Cobs „ 
55 
0 
61 
0 
Strawberries, per Ih. .. 
0 0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. d. 
0. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
6 
oto n 
0 
Mimosa (Fnch.,) per bnch 
1 9 to 2 
0- 
Bouvardias, hunch .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Narciss (Paper - white), 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
French, doz. bunches .. 
12 0 
18 
0 
Chrysanthemum, I'l blms. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Do. Do. English, 
., 12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
per bunch . 
1 0 
1 
6 
Epiphyllum, doz. blooms 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 0 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
,, scarlet, 12 bnehs 
9 0 
13 
b 
Gardenias, each 
Hyacinths (.Roman), doz. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
3 0 
9 
(V 
0 6 
1 
0 
pprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 6 
1 
6 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, Red, 12 bis. (Fnch.) 
2 0 
4 
0 
Lilac (French-t per bunch 
6 
0 
9 
0 
,, Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 0 
3 
(T 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
„ Yellow, dozen .. 
2 6 
15 
(k 
blooms. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
2 6 
4 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
Tulips, per dozen .. .. 
1 0 
3 
0 
sprays . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Violets (Parme), per hch. 
6 6 
9 
0 
Maide^air Fern, dozen 
„ ( dark), per bch... 
2 0 
3 
6 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
1 0 
2 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
B 
0 
Wallflower, doz. himches 
3 0 
6 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. d. 
P. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Lilium lancifolium, dor. 
0 0 to 0 
0 
Arbor Vitas (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
„ longiflorum. doz. 
0 0 
0 
O'. 
Chrysanthemum, per doz. 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Lily of the Valley, per poz 
2 0 
3 
0 
Climbing Plants, various, 
Lobelia, per doz. 
0 0 
0 
0- 
dozen pots .. .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 0 
12 
0. 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 0 
6 
0 
,, viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, per dozen .. .. 
Myrtles, dozen. 
0 0 
0 
0. 
Epiphyllum, per dozen.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 0 
19 
0 
Erica, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, dozen pots 
0 0 
0 
0-, 
Euonyraus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var.,each.. .. 
Pelargoniums, per doz. 
2 6 
21 
0 
Evergreens, in var., do en 
6 
0 
24 
0 
0 0 
0 
u 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia, per doz. 
9 0 
15 
(> 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 0 
n 
f\ 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
11 
0 
Stocks, per doz. 
0 0 
0 
0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tropseolums, various, per 
Geraniums Scarlet, p. doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen . 
0 0 
0 
0 ■ 
Hyacinths, doz. pots .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Tulips, dozen pots ., ,. 
8 0 
12 
0 
Hydrangea, doz. pots .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
