February 26, 1891. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
177 
removed until the buds have pushed growths in the spring sufficiently to 
be no longer inviting to the mischievous depredators. At that time the 
opened bushes are pruned more or less according to the judgment of the 
owner or cultivator. Where sparrows are not so numerous as to become 
a pest, or where the buds can be preserved by dressings of lime and soot, 
the system described in the essay is the best to adopt in pruning Goose¬ 
berry bushes. The work can be had by post for Is. 3J. from this office. 
Improving- Soil (7. W. IF.).—The land, which you say has been 
“ laying under fallow for three years,” has probably simply been left 
alone, and has grown luxuriant crops of weeds. This is very different 
from fallowing, which means exposed soil moved occasionally to prevent 
the growth of weeds to any material extent ; we suspect therefore the 
soil has been really cropped—that is, cropped with weeds, and these 
abstract from it similar constituents that are appropriated by food crops. 
The soil is of good staple but poor, and when well worked, cleaned, and 
enriched will grow both fruit and vegetables. It is deficient in humus, 
and you cannot err in applying all the stable manure you can obtain, 
with vegetable matter of any kind that you can collect, such as moss 
litter that has been used in stables, spent hops, fibre refuse, and kiln 
dust; even sawdust would do good. It would probably be a good plan 
to clean the land well and plant it with Potatoes this spring, ridging it 
after ploughing, then levelling down the ridges over the sets. Such 
manure as you can obtain may be spread in before planting. Kiln dust 
is excellent, but not always obtainable ; and soot would undoubtedly 
be beneficial in such land. As a chemical mixture 4 cwts. of super¬ 
phosphate of lime and 2^ cwts. of kainit per acre when planting has 
been found good, especially when supplemented by a top-dressing of 
to 2 cwts. of sulphate ammonia at the first hoeing, or just when the 
Potato growths are pushing through the ground. Nitrate of soda forces 
growth mere quickly, but might not be better for your cold soil, while 
sulphate of ammonia is of more benefit to an aftercrop than is nitrate of 
soda, as we have seen after trials on a very large scale by Potato growers 
in Lincolnshire. Keep the Potatoes absolutely free from weeds and you 
may have a good crop of tubers, while the land will be in much better 
condition for planting with fruit trees and bushes in the autumn than 
it is now. 
Names of Fruits. —The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (J. Z.).—The specimens are so extremely small and 
inferior that we cannot speak positively as to their identity. However, 
we think the green one is the Northern Greening and the red fruit is 
possibly Winter Queening. (7. H. U.'). —1, Fcarn’s Pippin ; 2, Dume- 
low’s Seedling. 
Names of Plants, —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(.B.).—1, Cvpripedium villosum ; 2, Cattleya Trianse ; 3, Phaius grandi- 
folius ; 4, Masdevallia ignea. QJ. II. R.'). — 1, Tillandsia splendens ; 2, 
Tillandsia usneoides ; 3, Tillandsia Lindeni. {J. C. S .').—We do not 
undertake to name Potatoes, as the tubers vary in character in different 
soils. If you describe the growth of the variety, also send a tuber to 
any of the advertising seed firms who give special attention to Potatoes, 
you may probably obtain a supply of what you require, (fi'. Z*.).—Ada 
aurantiaca, an extremely useful Orchid. {J. Z.).—The flowers sent 
last week freshened considerably in water, enabling us to recognise the 
Coelogyne as C. flaccida, and the other as a dull yellow variety of 
Odontoglossum crispum. Those you send this week are quite distinct, 
but no numbers are affixed. The two larger are varieties of Odonto- 
gloESum crispum ; the smallest is an ordinary 0. Pescatorei. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —February 2.jTH. 
BUSIXESS quiet, with snpijlies Bomewliat shorter. 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen ,. 
.. 0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
1 
6 
to 2 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
.. 1 
6 
1 
9 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen 
.. 1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 2 
6 
3 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen •• 
.. 1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. 
.. 0 
4 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per ewt. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. 
.. 3 
0 
6 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
0, 
0 
8 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
0 
1 
8 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
u 
1 
Q 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 2 
0 
4 
0 
Soorzonera, bundle ,. ,, 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, doz. •• 
.. 4 
0 
8 
0 
Seakale, per bkt . 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Endive, dozen .. ., 
0 
0 
0 
ShaUots, per lb . 
fl 
s 
n 
0 
Herbs, bunch ,, .. 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel ,, 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Leeks, bunch ,. .. 
3 
0 
0 
0 
c 
g 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
o 
0 
2 
6 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
FRUIT. 
0. 
d. 
P. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Apples. 4 sieve . - .. 
6 
to 6 
0 
15 
n in 9/1 
0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Melons, each . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Canada, per barrel 15 
0 
26 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
rapes, peril. 
.. 1 
6 
8 
6 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
entish Cobs „ 
45 
0 
50 
0 
Strawberries, per ib. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. 
CUT FLOWERS. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
(L, 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
to 8 
(1 
A-'nlea doz. sprays .. 
II 
G 
1 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Mimosa (French', per 
Camellia, -white, per doz. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunch . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
I. red „ 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Narciss (Paper - -white), 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
French, doz. bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0- 
Chi i; tmas Roses, dozen 
Do. Do. English, 
blooms. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
per bunch . 
0 
9 
1 
n 
Chrysanthemum ., .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6- 
Cyclamen, doz. blooms .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils, doz. blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms 
3 
0 
C 
(T 
Epiphyllum, doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Euoharis, dozed .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Gardenias, each ,. ,. 
0 
<J 
1 
6 
„ Red (English) per 
Hyacinths (.Roman), doz. 
bloom. 
1 
0 
1 
G 
Rprayg . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Red, 12 bis. (Fnch.) 
2 
0 
4 
o 
Hyacinth,Roman (French) 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
doz. bunches. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen 
3 
0 
9 
n 
Lapageria, 12 blooms ., 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Snowdrops, doz. bunches 
1 
n 
3 
0. 
Lilac (French'! per bunch 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Spirsea, per bunch .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
G 
blooms. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Tulips, per dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
(I 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
Violets (Parme), per bch. 
2 
6 
3 
6' 
sprays .. .* •• 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ (dark), per bch... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunces. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Wallflower, doz. bunches 
1 
G 
2 
G 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
0. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
3 
0 to 10 
0 
Arbor Vitae Igolden) doz. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Genista, per doz. 
P 
0 
18 
0 
Azalea, per plant 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Hyacinths, doz. pots 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Cineraria, per doz. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 
1 
0 
2 
O' 
Cyclamens, per doz. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Dielytra spectabilis, per 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
o- 
dozen . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
13 
a 
Dracaena terminahs, doz. 24 
u 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
6 
21 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0* 
Erica, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Primula siueusis, per doz. 
4 
0 
G 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums, per doz. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Perns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Spirsea, per doz. 
10 
0 
18 
ir 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Tulips, dozen pots .. ., 
G 
0 
8 
0. 
SHELTER FOR LIVE STOCK. 
Has the hard winter left behind it “ a heritage of woe ” to- 
farmers in the guise of disease, exhaustion, or absolute losses 
among their live stock ? We know it has on many a farm where 
the provision of shelter is inadequate for reasonable requirements,, 
or where the buildings are faulty either in design or constructioni- 
or both. It is true enough that even with proper shelter animaJ.si 
are lost through mismanagement, but that is the farmer’s affair; 
just as much as the provision of shelter is the joint concern of 
himself and his landlord. It is a matter wherein both should see 
their interest so thoroughly that there should be no hesitation or 
misunderstanding about it. 
Impecunious landlords are so numerous now that with thenr 
new farm buildings are out of the question. We may remind’ 
them, however, that very much may often be done for the tenant’s- 
aid and convenience by alterations and slight additions to old* 
buildings. On large estates the agent or clerk of works should be 
able to suggest and arrange many useful contrivances, and this 
will be done when practical knowledge is tempered by discretion* 
and sound judgment. Well aware are we of the unfair, unreason¬ 
able demands of many tenants, but they should at least be heard 
with courtesy and treated with fairness. Shelter is a matter of 
such importance to tenants that something more should be done by; 
them than calling to Jupiter for aid. Since hedges have been left: 
to grow wild so generally they afford an ample supply of materials' 
for the contrivance of rough and ready hovels, which if only made 
in the literal sense of an open shed may yet afford protection to 
cattle from rain, wind, and snow, and so prevent the loss of many 
a valuable animal. Far better would it be to do this than to suffer 
whole herds of dairy cows and store cattle to be out in all weather 
with no other shelter than hedges or trees. A heavy bill of 
