April 16, 1801. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
81 & 
should be pricked off into other frames or boxes, where they can be 
shaded until established, and protected with lights during the winter. 
It is not neoessary to prick off the seedlings singly ; on the contrary, 
they may be transplanted in little patches, leaving an inch or a little 
more clear space between each patch of plants. The next season they 
will fill up this space. They should remain undisturbed during the 
winter, giving them the protection of mats or fern during severe 
weather. In spring, when all fear of frost is passed, the young plants 
may be transplanted 6 inches apart, so that a small hoe can be used 
amongst them. 
letters referring to the fruit arc sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be namedatonce, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (./. Iloopor ).—It is a pity you did not send the fruit 
sooner. We can only say it resembles Wadhurst Pippin, and that may 
possibly be the correct name of the variety, though no one could be- 
positive with only a half-decayed specimen for examination, (f?. BA — 
1, Lodgemore Nonpareil; 2, Lane’s Prince Albert; 3, Sturmer Pippin. 
(./. O .').—The dark fruit is Mere de Menage, the light one Dumelow’s 
Seedling. 
Caterpillars and Hollies (JF. d/. d/.).—“ Nearly every year, some¬ 
times to a trifling and sometimes to a considerable extent, my Hollies, 
and indeed most of those I see, are injured and much retarded in their 
growth in the spring by a small caterpillar which is found in the buds 
of the leading shoots of the trees. The end of the bud is partly glued 
up, and on unfolding it a small, generally yellow or light coloured cater¬ 
pillar will be found eating away the centre of the bud. I have unfolded 
numbers of these buds, and have found some of them apparently perfect 
and naturally closed at the end, and yet'each contained the caterpillar 
in the very middle of it. It is a matter that has puzzled me consider¬ 
ably. The proprietor of a large nursery was unable to explain it, and 
the only thing I have been able to imagine is that at the time when the 
buds are just opening some insect deposits an egg in them. I pinched 
the ends of hundreds of the buds, and so crushed the caterpillar inside, 
but the mischief was done, and weak ragged shoots instead of strong 
healthy ones were the result. I wish to ask if you would in your notices 
to correspondents kindly give me the information, if you can, as to what 
this insect is, when is the mischief done, and what steps can be taken to 
meet it to any extent.” We insert our correspondent’s letter in case any 
of our readers can give better information than we can. We are in the 
position of having nothing before us for identification, and can only say 
that the caterpillars may possibly be the larvae of a small Tortrix moth, 
Rhopoliota naevana. These attack the end buds of various tress. The 
moths appear in July and August. A good method of prevention would 
be to prune the shrubs, cutting off the tips before the caterpillars emerge 
and burning them. Growths would start from the back buds, and 
though these growths would be a little later and weaker than uninjured 
leaders they would be much preferable to “ ragged shoots ” apart from 
decimating the enemy. It would be desirable also to remove the surface 
soil from around the shrubs and burn it. If the Tortrix mentioned is 
the enemy spraying the shrubs with a safe solution of petroleum and 
softsoap at intervals in July and August might possibly render them 
distasteful to the egg-laying moths, as in the case of the Celery fly. 
Any of our readers are at liberty to give further information on this 
subject. 
Gro-wingr Produce for Market (Jl J. A .').—We are afraid yon 
will make little profit out of so small a plot of ground, especially as you 
have to employ a jobbing gardener, and have a large part of the land 
occupied with house and pleasure grounds. Besides, sending small 
quantities of produce a considerable distance by rail runs away with the 
whole or most part of the profit. Unless you have some glass and an 
expert gardener we very much question if you would make “ends 
meet.” Competition is now so keen, and so many private establish¬ 
ments are equally ambitious with yourself to “ sell something ” that the 
markets are glutteil -with the kind of produce a mixed garden furnishes ; 
indeed, much of it is not acceptable to the general consumer. It cannot 
be too strongly impressed on those intending to embark in speculation of 
this nature that gardening for pleasure and profit are very different 
things, and, as a rule, a great deal too much is expected by their com¬ 
bination. Out of half the ground available a profit is expected to be 
realised that will pay for the other half and profitless portion. This is 
your case and that of far too many private establishments. They do not 
pay as a commercial transaction simply because they are not conducted 
on sound financial principles. A market gardener, florist, or nurseryman 
devotes the whole of the ground to growing “ stuff ” to pay, and then 
finds difficulty in getting a fair return for his labour and outlay. How, 
then, can a garden be expected to afford double profit, which it must do, 
if considerable part of the area is devoted to pleasure, or growing flowers, 
fruits, and vegetables for the proprietor’s private use? Not only that, 
but the best is often consumed at home, and the inferior placed in the 
market. That is suicidal, for it is only the best specimens and those 
cheaply produced that leave a margin of profit. Th’s is the sort of 
advice we think you desire from your outspoken letter, and it gives us 
very great pleasure to have an opportunity of being equally decisive in 
reply—namely, do not invest capital in such shaky undertakings. The 
jobbing gardener would not assist you in making profits. If he is 
willing to invest half the capital necessary, then there might be a pro¬ 
spect of you seeing some slight profit on the little enterprise ; but it is 
very doubtful if anyone with means would entertain the proposal. The 
case is entirely different when the object is solely profit, whether a 
person works his own money or employs other labour in manufacture. 
Surplus produce as a rule does not pay for marketing, but it is better 
sold than wasted, and the returns help to meet current expenses. We 
advise you to leave the matter as it is. Grow for your own use, and if 
anything to spare by all means sell so that “ nothing be wasted,” but 
we do not think you will derive any profit from the plan propounded. 
The Mushroom beds would not do between the fruit trees, being difficult 
to manage and cover, as well as injuring the trees. 
irames of Fruits. —The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
Hames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures,, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(IF. IF.)—1 and 6, Insufficient; 2, Nephrolepis pectinata ; 3, Lastrea 
Filix-mas cristata ; 4, Cyrtomium falcatum ; 5, Onychium japonicum. 
(0.1 IF.).—Veronica elliptica ; 2, Eupatorium odoratum ; 3, Cytisus 
canariensis; 4, Insufficient; 5, Abutilon marmoratum. (J. J.'). — 
Ranunculus ficaria flore pleno. (A/. J/.).—The plant is probably Crinura 
ornatum, but we cannot tell without seeing the flowers. It should 
succeed in the stove, and while growing give it plenty of water ; after¬ 
wards allow the soil to become rather dry and well ripened by exposure 
to the sun in a warm position. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— April 1.5th. 
A BETTER trade doing at lower prices with heavy supplies of indoor goods. 
FRUIT. 
B. d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Apples, ^ sieve.1 6 
to G 
0 
Kentish Cobs ,, 
40 
0 to 5 
0, 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Lemons, case .. .. .. 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
15 
0 
20 
0 
Canada, per barrel 15 0 
2G 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Grapes, per lb.2 0 
4 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
,, New, per lb. .. 5 0 
7 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. . • 0 0 
to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, punn.et .. 
1 
6 
to 3 
0. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb, .. 0 9 
1 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 1 0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 3 0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 3 0 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 0 4 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen., .. 3 0 
6 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
8 
Celery, bundle.1 0 
1 
8 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
d 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 2 0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle . , ,, 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, doz.3 0 
5 
0 
Seakale, per bkt . 
2 
0 
6 
Endive, dozen . 1 0 
0 
0 
ShaUots, per lb . 
Spinach, bushel .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 0 2 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 - 
Leeks, bunch . 0 3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb . 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Lettuce, dozen . 3 0 
3 
G 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
B. d. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 2 0 to 5 
0 
Mimosa (French), per 
A'alea doz. sprays .. .. 0 G 
0 
9 
bunch . 
1 
0 
to 1 
6 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 10 
1 
G 
Naroiss (Paper-white). 
Camellia, white, per doz. 2 0 
4 
0 
French, doz. bunches .. 
Narciss (Various) dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ red „ 10 
1 
6 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 10 
2 
G 
bunches, French 
2 
0 
4 
(» 
Christmas Roses, dozen 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
blooms.0 0 
0 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bncha 
G 
0 
9 
b 
Cineraria, 12 bunches .. 6 0 
9 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cyclamen, doz. blooms .. 0 3 
0 
G 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Daffodils, doz. bunches .. 2 0 
0 
0 
Primroses, dozen bunches 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 3 0 
G 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gardenias, per doz. 2 
Hyacinths doz. sprays .. 3 
Hyacinth (French; dozen 
bunc es.12 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 2 
Lilac (.French) per bunch 4 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
blooms.4 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
sprays . 0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches.4 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 4 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 3 
15 0 
4 0 
6 0 
6 0 
1 0 
9 0 
6 0 
6 0 
Red (English) per 
dozen blooms .. 
„ Red, 12bls. .Fnch.) 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
„ YeUow, dozen .. 
Snowdrops, doz. bunches 
Spiraea, per bunch .. .. 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
Tulips, per dozen .. .. 
Violets tParme), per bch. 
„ (dark), per bch... 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
Wallflower, doz. bunches 
6 0 - 
4 0 
3 0 
6 a 
3 0 
0 9 
2 0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) doz. 
Azalea, per pi ,nt 
Cineraria, per doz. 
Cyclamens, per doz. 
Hielytra spectabilis, per 
dozen .. .. . .. 
Dracaena tenninalis, doz. 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
Erica, various, dozen 
Euonyraus, var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Perns, in variety, dozen.. 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
12 
12 
6 
6 
4 
1 
3 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0 to 18 
0 
Genista, per doz. 
8 
0 to 12 
0 
0 
8 
0 
Hyacinths, doz. pots 
6 
0 
9 
0 - 
0 
3 
G 
Lily of the Valley, per pot 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
9 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
13 
d 
0 
12 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
2 
e 
a 
0 
0 
42 
0 
12 
0 
18 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Pelai-goniums, scarlet, per 
0 
0 
18 
0 
dozen . 
6 
9 
0 
0 
18 
0 
Primula sinensis, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums, per djz. 
9 
0 
12 
Q 
0 
18 
0 
Spira3a, per doz. 
8 
U 
12 
Uv 
6 
7 
0 
Tulips, dozen pots .. .. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Bedding plants (in variety) in boxes, from Is. to 3s. 
