824 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ April 23, 1891. 
Madame Dorgese. —Flower clear flesh colour, shaded with tender rose, 
sometimes with salmon ; large full, globular ; bud oval ; stalk long and 
firm, very vigorous. A cross between Syphide and Catherine Mermet. 
Dedicated to a distinguished florist in Angiers. 
Moreau Robert. 
This is another firm from which we have not received anything of 
any real value. They offer now 
Madame Durand. —Flowers dark coppery yellow, large, full, and 
globular, opening well; tree very vigorous, flowering in clusters; very 
free. 
Madame Simon. —Flower rosy white, lightly shaded with yellow, in 
places very large and full ; form and colour of Souvenir de la Malmaison ; 
very vigorous and free, a seedling from Madame Berard. 
Elie Lambert. 
Madame Elie Lamhcrt. —Flesh coloured rose, outside of petals pure 
white ; medium size ; form globular, 
CORBGEUF. 
Madame Delaroclie. —Flower carmine rose, large, very full ; a seed¬ 
ling from Mathilde Leonart. 
Bernaix. 
Princess de Bassaraha. —Flowers very variable in colour, fresh 
carmine colour, shading off to flesh on the outside, and shading off to 
canary yellow on opening ; not quite full. 
Perrier, 
Profcsscur Gamriat. —Dark velvety re3, lighter than Souvenir de 
Th^rese Levet; large, full ; firm stalk. Dedicated to a professor of the 
School of La Matinesse at Lyons. 
Eugene Yerdier. 
Souvenir de Clairvaux. —Crimson rose colour, bright ; base of petals 
apricot yellow, shaded with nankeen, and tinted with carmine. A very 
sweet-scented Rose. Read this, ye John Bulls ; dedicated in remem¬ 
brance of the stay of the Duke of Orleans in the prison of Clairvaux 
for having come to France to submit himself to the law of recruiting. 
There are a few others in Mons. E. Verdier’s list, but as he docs not 
give the names of the raisers I omit them.—D., Deal. 
HOETICULTUEE IN AMEEICA. 
CA paper by Mr. James H. Laing, F.R.H.S., read at the Birmingham Gardeners’ 
Association, March 9th, 1891.] 
( Concluded from page 302, ) 
The following flowers arc in great demand in the States The 
Carnation has taken quite a hold, and to be valuable a Carnation must 
produce its flowers on single stems, so that they can be cut long. The 
flowers must be distinct in colour, large and full in form, and not fiiclined 
to burst at the calyx. The Violet is popular, and the only variety which 
is generally saleable is the Marie Louise, and this is subject to a disease 
which has baffled the most experienced Violet growers, and forced many 
to give up its culture. The result is that those whose plants have 
escaped the scourge have reaped a profitable return during the past 
few years. Single Violets are most popular in Philadelphia, After 
these the floweis most extensively grown for the market are Orchids, 
Bouvardias, Lily of the Vballey, Roman Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, and 
Lilies of several kinds. Other flowers regularly quoted in the wholesale 
market are Narcissi of several kinds, Freesias, Bouvardias, Mignonette, 
Callas, Camellias, Myosotis, Lilacs, Pansies, Smilax, and Ferns ; also 
some kinds whose sale is limited to certain seasons, such as Sweet 
Peas, Aiters, Chrysanthemums, Gladioli, Cannas, and Tritonias. 1 have 
omitted to mention that the Smilax, which is largely used by the 
florists for festooning, and is cut in strings. It is grown in beds or 
benches from seed, and is a rapid grower, "it is trailed or tied upright 
in cool houses. It is a grand sight to see the several varieties of 
Sunflowers ; the Golden Rod (Solidago), Trilliums, Orchis, and many 
other of our good saleable plants growing wild and flowering to profusion 
in the woods and fields. 
The New York World, after alluding to the medal recently given by 
the California Florist to the first nominee of the Sunflower as our 
national emblem, quotes the Florist's reasons for adopting it, and 
acquiesces in these words :—“ Therefore the big Sunflower will stand as 
the emblem of the American Republic beside the Lily of France, the 
Rose of England, the Thistle of Scotland, and the Shamrock of Ireland. 
Hurrah for the big Sunflower 1 ” I saw several splendid plants of 
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora with gigantic flower spikes, growing 
and flowering splendidly around Boston. Respecting the American 
fruits the following I have noted:—“With 5,000,000 acres under 
orchards in the States the production of food is necessarily large. With 
an average export of over 1,000,000 bushels of green fruit, and an 
equally large home consumption, there still remains a large surplus of 
American Apples to be utilised.” The chief sorts grown are Baldwin, 
Greening, Ben Davis, Northern Spy, New Town Pippin, Wine Sap, &c.’ 
Bananas, Peaches, Pears, Grapes (which are of a very fusky flavour). 
Quinces, Lemons, Musk and Water Melons (largely used in hot weather)’ 
and Cranberries. ’ 
Chrysanthemums, according to repeated statements given me, are 
flowered in perfection. Unfortunately I had not the pleasure of seeing 
them in bloom. I append some notes regarding the propagation and 
care of the plants by Mr. John Smith Bayside:—“ Cuttings were 
put in from the beginning of April until the first wmek in May, and 
when potted the earliest cuttings were stopped once before planting 
out. On the 3rd of June they were planted out in the benches, which 
were filled to the depth of 4 inches, with a compost of two-thirds decayed 
turves, one-third decayed manure, and a small portion of bone flour. 
They were planted at a distance of 12 inches each way. When they com¬ 
menced to grow they were all stopped, and during the growing season 
all weak shoots were taken off, and only those calculated to produce fine 
flowers left. As soon as the buds could be seen the plants were supplied 
liberally with manure water. In disbudding we seldom leave more than 
one bud to a shoot, the object being to get fine flowers. To support the 
plants we use strong twine instead of sticks, fastened to wires across the 
benches and others overhead.” 
As Tomatoes form such an important part of the American trade, 
perhaps these few words of a leading nurseryman will not be out of 
place :—“ My experience in growing Tomatoes has been that the earliest 
fruit is obtained on light soil with but little manure ; the crop will be 
less and sooner over, although the first few pickings for market may 
bring a price that will overbalance the larger crop which may be raised 
on heavily and highly manured soil. The results of the experiment are 
as follows :—All the plants were put out on the same day, the 9th of 
May. The ground was slightly rolling, a sandy loam, one with sandy 
depression, and one with quite heavy loam. The sandy depression 
seemed to force the fruit, and the latter to retard the ripening. Our 
past summer was one of successive rains, and the temperature was below 
the average. August was mostly dry and rather hot. That seemed to 
spoil many varieties. September 10th was opened with a five-days rain 
and very high winds, blowing the plants about and whipping the leaves 
almost off some of them. The day before the rain a small box of each 
kind was secured and placed on shelves to try their staying qualities. 
It is certain that with drier weather different results would have been 
shown. To determine the longest time fruit would keep I should pick 
green fruit earlier in the season, but fruit of each lot, in this case, was 
as nearly alike in all respects as could be had. It is a noteworthy fact 
that all of the purple or Acme colour were the first to rot.” These are 
the sorts chiefly grown for family use :—Ignotum, Horsford’s Prelude, 
Station. Market, Red:—Ignotum, Volunteer, Livingston’s Favourite, 
Matchless, New Jersey, Paragon, Lorillard, Finch’s Essex Hybrid. 
Purple : Acme, Turner’s Hybrid, Livingston’s Potato Leaf, Livingston’s 
Beauty, Climax. Yellow : Golden Trophy, Golden Queen. 
The chief vegetables for the kitchen are the following, recommended 
by a practical gardener :—Beans ; Snap, Mohawk, and Valentine ; Pole, 
red-flowering Scarlet Runners for their blossoms ; Lima, for shelled 
beans, Dreei’s Improved. Beets: Eclipse and Long Smooth Blood. 
Cabbage ; Early Jersey Wakefield, Early Summer, and Drumhead 
Savoy. Cauliflower : the various strains of Erfurt. Carrots : Early 
Scarlet Horn, Half Long Stump-rooted. Celery : White Plume, Golden 
Heart, London Red. Cucumbers ; Nicolls’ and Tailby’s. Corn : Cory, 
Concord, Stowell. Egg Plant: New York Improved. Lettuce : Boston 
Market, Salamander. Mushrooms : English Grey. Onions : Yellow 
Danvers, Large Red Weathersfield, and Southport White Globe. Peas : 
Improved Daniel O’Rourke, Alpha, Champion of England, Bliss’s 
Abundance. Potatoes : Puritan, Main Rose, and Hebron, Magnums 
Canadian, and several others. Radishes : French Breakfast, Scarlet 
Turnip, and of the Long-rooted, Wood’s Early Frame. Rhubarb : 
Monarch, Victoria. Squash : Bush Summer Crook Neck, Pineapple, 
Hubbard. Tomatoes : Acme, Trophy. Turnips : Red-top, Strap Leaf, 
Purple-top, White Globe. 
I think the following few remarks as to gardeners in America, 
written by my friend Mr. C. L. Allen, should conclude this lengthy 
paper. The situation in America is simply this. If an experienced 
gardener, a man worthy the name, comes here and gets a situation, and 
at the same time is determined to please his employer in all ways, he 
will very soon get £10 to £20 per month, and a good house to live in. 
Many of our most successful florists came here with this intention ; they 
did as men should do, and the result in many cases was that the owner 
of the place said, “ Here, John, I will put up a range of houses for you if 
you like ; I will furnishithe bullion and you the brains, and we will divide 
the profits.” I have an intimate friend in an English gardener who 
started in just this manner, and who is now worth £20,000, which he has 
made within the last fifteen years, and there are many others I could 
name who are on the same road to success. In conclusion, let me say to 
the gardener who starts out for America, Leave caste or rank at home ; 
do not think because you rate A1 at home that you will there rank higher 
than he who cannot pot a plant. Your ability will be fully appreciated, 
but that alone will not meet with success. You must be a man as well 
as a gardener—then success aw'aits you, and it is here considered a better 
indication for a man to spend his evenings at home rather than at the 
beershop. To this I will add, “ Emigration is, indeed, a necessity to the 
British farmer and gardener. It is practically useless, however, sending 
a gardener abroad who has failed through lack of energy at home, for in 
emigrating to the United States of America it must be borne in mind 
that they have, so far as the States on the Atlantic seaboard and the 
great northern and central cities or seats of trade and commerce are 
concerned, to compete with a people fully equal to their own in all 
essential qualities, and with the advantage of being more adaptable, more 
inventive, more eager to get on, and less under the influence of routine 
and prejudice.” 
