June A, 189L ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
449 
rival “ Botanical Register; ” Sowerby had ceased contributing, and 
there seems to have been a lack of novelties for i’lustration. Towards 
the end of Dr. Sims’s editorship, in 1826, the “ Botanical Magazine ” 
was doubtless supplanted in a great measure by the “ Botanical 
Register ” then conducted by the vigorous Bindley. Its circulation 
greatly decreased, and the impression was small; hence this series 
is very rare. The following year, however. Sir William Hooker became 
editor, and speedily raised both the artistic and botanical character of 
the magazine. Many of the plates published during the latter half 
of Dr. Sims’s editorship are not signed, but all the drawings are, 
and we learn that William Hooker, the artist of the “ Paradisus 
Londinensis,” was an occasional contributor. The collection also 
contains a number of unpublished drawings.— (^Nature.') 
- The value of the sweet-scented and one-flowering Choisya 
TERNATA is well known, and it is extensively grown in pots, but few 
are acquainted with its great usefulness for covering walls in sheltered 
positions in the open air. A robust healthy specimen is growing against 
Warwick Castle walls, and has passed through the late severe winter 
unscathed. It is planted in the natural soil, which is light and well 
drained, and evidently suits the subject under notice. The position is a 
sunny one, but thoroughly exposed to south-east winds. This should be 
a convincing proof of its hardiness when grown in similar positions ; 
and but few hardy shrubs produce flowers that are so choice and 
fragrant and suitable for making up into sprays and buttonholes. The 
plant growing here is at the present time in full beauty. 
- Profusely flowered specimens of Berberis Darwini and 
B. DULCIS form objects of great beauty on lawns and in shrub¬ 
beries, but in order to show off their beauty to the best advantage they 
should, when planted among other shrubs, stand well clear of them, 
otherwise the graceful arching branches are not seen under favourable 
conditions. This remark applies especially to the latter, which I prefer 
on account of its freedom of growth, while others award the palm to 
B. Darwini on account of the rich orange yellow of the flowers. Both 
should be grown where flowering shrubs suitable for arranging in glasses 
are in request. At the present time effective arrangements may be 
made by associating flowering branches of the common Lilac with these 
Berberises when placed in tall trumpet-shaped glasses.— H. Duukin, 
The Gardens, Warwick Castle, 
ME. F. SANDER. 
Orchids have been so closely associated with Mr. Sander’s name 
for some years, and the group contributed by his firm at the Temple 
Show last week was of such an exceptional character, that many readers 
will welcome the portrait (page 451) of one who has taken so 
prominent a place in the horticultural world. 
Mr. F. Sander was born in Bremen in 1847, and commenced his 
horticultural career early in life as an apprentice at Erfurt, subsequently 
proceeding to the firm of Messrs. Peter Smith & Co. at Hamburgh. 
He came to England at the age of eighteen, and entered the nurseries 
of Messrs. Carter & Co., Forest Hill, where he remained for about six 
years, and succeeded in raising several new plants, besides gaining some 
experience with Orchids, of which at that time a good collection was 
grown at Forest Hill. 
During the later years of his engagement with Messrs. Carter & Co. 
Mr. Sander was appointed agent for the remarkable traveller Roezl, and 
this was the commencement of the Orchid importing business, which 
was subsequently so largely developed. A short time afterwards he also 
became agent for Endres and Wallis, both experienced travellers, and to 
these three men Mr. Sander owes very much, for not only did they send large 
quantities of plants, but invaluable information was gained respecting 
the habitats of Orchids, the modes of packing, and transportation to the 
sea coast that could not have been otherwise obtained except at the cost 
of considerable labour and expense—in fact, it would have been almost 
impossible for one man to have secured such knowledge in any other 
way. 
In 1872 the old establishment in the town of St. Albans was taken, 
and a consignment of 150,000 Mexican Orchids from Roezl filled every 
available space. The glass houses not being finished they were piled 
up in the warehouse, huge heaps of Oncidium tigrinum, Odontoglossum 
Cervantesi, 0. Insleayi, and Epidendram vitellinum majus being the 
great featirres. It is even said that Potatoes were hurriedly lifted from 
the ground and Orchids laid in their places. This was practically the 
commencement of Orchid importing on a large and organised scale, and 
the financial success which attended speedily led to an extension of the 
business, until as many as twenty-two travellers were engaged at one 
time in exploring every tropical country where Orchids grow. In one 
year 400,000 plants of Odontoglossum crispum wore imported, and the 
total of all Orchids for that year including living and dead plants was 
about a million. But as an example of the failures that always attend 
great enterprises, it is said that in the same space of time £5000 worth 
of Orchids have been lost through death during transit, accidents, and 
various causes. In less than twenty years, however, about 200 new 
species or previously rare plants have been introduced to this country. 
The new establishment at St. Albans was commenced in 1883, and 
4 acres are now entirely covered with glass houses devoted exclusively 
to Orchids, while eleven new houses are in course of construction for 
seedlings. Raising seedling Orchids was commenced in 1875, and has 
been continued ever since, with the result that large numbers of crosses 
have been secured, and something novel and good is constantly 
appearing. 
The elaborate illustrated work on Orchids, the “ Reichenbachia,” was 
founded in 1886, and about 100 plates have now appeared. The 
late Professor Reichenbach contributed the descriptions and botanical 
analyses to the earlier numbers of this work, and continued doing so 
until his death. It may be remarked that the letterpress is entirely 
composed and printed on the premises at St. Albans, which, besides 
printing offices, includes extensive store houses, potting departments, 
stables, and all the necessary adjuncts of such an establishment. 
Amongst Mr. Sander’s public feats it may be recorded that he bad 
the honour of preparing a bouquet of Orchids for presentation to Her 
Majesty the Queen at Buckingham Palace on the occasion of her Jubilee ; 
he secured the highest award in the exhibition at Dresden in 1887, the 
Grand Prix at Paris in 1888, the Prix d’llonneur at the same place in 
1890, and several silver cups at the Temple Show, London. 
Mr. Sander’s energy, enterprise, and foresight, combined with a 
remarkable constitution, have enabled him to accomplish great results- 
in a comparatively short period, but his uniform courtesy and geniality 
have also gained him many influential friends, to whose ready assistance 
he modestly attributes a large share of the astonishing success which has 
attended his career. 
THE TEMPLE SHOW. 
May 28th and 29th. 
In our preliminary notice last week of the Royal Horticultural Society’s 
fourth annual Exhibition in the Temp’e Gardens we briefly sketched 
the chief features of a wonderful floral display and promised fuller 
details for the present issue. These we will now attempt to furnish,, 
that many of our readers who were unable to attend the Show in 
question may be able to form some idea of the remarkable assemblage of 
plants provided. 
Before, however, referring to the exhibits individually it will te 
desirable to recapitulate the general method of arrangement adopted and 
the leading characteristics. Here it must be remarked that throughout 
the larger exhibits suffered from the space being insufficient to me.t the 
increased demands, and this, too, although more tent accommolation 
had been provided. No limits to groups or collections were given in the 
synoptical schedule issued, and the result was that the majority of the 
exhibitors generously endeavoured to help the Society to the full extent of 
their power, with the undesirable result that some had to be considerably 
restricted. This was one defect of the Show, and where there was so 
much to admire it is well to notice this first, and it must also be said in 
justice to Mr. A. F. Barron and his willing assistants that every effort was 
made to minimise the difficulties which arose in consequence of the 
exhibitors’ requirements far exceeding the space at disposal. A most 
unenviable task it was to apportion 'space and positions to large 
exhibitors all naturally desiring the best places and possessing equal 
claims to attention. That it was performed with such general satisfac¬ 
tion is a sufficient proof of the care exerc’sed, the judgment and 
experience broirght to bear upon a matter bristling with difficulties 
which few could xrnderstand except those actually concerned. It is not 
easy to suggest a remedy for this state of affairs, but it seems e’ear that 
it will be necessary to provide several classes for groups and to define 
accurately what is required and the space that shall not be exceeded 
except by special arrangement. Another matter also requires attention, 
and that is to place the greatest attractions where the most path space- 
is at command, for dangerous crowding occurred in some instances on the 
two days, which caused certain valuable exhibits to be unavoidably 
damaged. It was reasonably thought that dividing the principal 
exhibits would tend to obviate any such resixlt as this, but xxnfortunately 
it did not have the full effect anticipated. 
Having disposed of these little matters we turn to the features of 
the Show, which, as was said last week, has never been equalled in the 
City of London, and this opinion was amply confirmed by the freely 
expressed admiration of the numerous visitors. The tents were so con¬ 
veniently arranged that a complete tour of the Exhibition could be take n 
without passing outside, and had the weather proved very unfavourable 
this would have been a great advantage, and in any case it was a wise 
precaution, as the prospects on the preceding days were not encouraging. 
Happily, however, though rather unsettle!, with occasional showers and 
much wind, the weather proved fairly fine and comparatively warm on 
both days. The first tent was the long, rather narrow one which has 
been seen at several of the R.H.S. Shows ; it is 170 feet long and 30 feet 
wide, and contained a variety of interesting exhibits, hardy flowers and 
Ferns predominating, a suitable introduction to the more imposing coc- 
tributions in succeeding tents. Next followed one 140 feet long and 
40 feet wide, the centre portion of which was filled with nurserymen's 
groups of Orchids, and the side stages with brilliant Begonias, Pelar¬ 
goniums, and other plants. Then we came to the great marquee 
160 feet long and 60 feet wide, a magnificent lofty structure, where 
again the central stage was occupied with amateurs’ collections of 
Orchids, while around the sides upon the fresh green turf were the 
glorious Roses, stately foliage plants, and various tasteful group.s each 
