480 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ Jane 11, 1891 
the ear 17111 be sufficient to convince you of the excellence of 
the animal before you. But add to these points so essential to 
a, dairy coiv her benevolent-looking head, with its large dreamy 
«yes and clear buff nose, and the beautiful coat of red or lemon 
fawn and white, and you are justified in adding the word 
beautiful to the quality of good. In appearance she is rich- 
looking, long-bodied, with a mild and contented expression, always 
free from nervousness, has a gentle face, quiet temper, and is full 
of affection.” 
The following is the scale of points given for milking qualities 
by the Royal Guernsey Agricultural Society :—■ 
Points. 
Skin deep yellow on end of tail, on udder, teats, and body 
generally. 6 
Skin soft and flexible, well covered with soft fine hair, 
colour of hair red and white . 8 
Alilk veins very prominent . 5 
Udder full in front, large, but not fleshy . 5 
XJdder full and well up behind. 5 
A comparative milk test for richness of the four leading breeds 
shows Guernsey 4-80 per cent, fat ; 14'09 solids. Jersey, 4 26 per 
-cent, fat; IS'OG solids. Shorthorns, 3-79 per cent, fat ; 12-07 
«olids. Dutch, 2-97 percent, fat; 11-08 solids. 
After calving the cows are milked three times a day sometimes 
for months, later on they are only hailked twice. Mr. de Mouilpied 
also said, “If the Guernsey cow has often been compared to a bag 
<of bones, her abundant yield of rich milk preventing her laying on 
fat, there comes a time when, in the fattening stall, she will 
-compare favourably with any other beef breed. After milking 
herself away to a skeleton, and once becoming dry, she will 
fake on flesh like a bullock, losing the thin neck and chin of 
the deep milker and underlaying her bide everywhere with a 
fatty layer.” 
As an example of Guernsey cows, take the six cows of Mr. Le 
Provost at L’Etieunerie. They now produce from 45 to 50 lbs. of 
butter a week. One of the cows gives twenty-two quarts of milk a 
Jay. The dry food used consists of 3 lbs. each of bran, ground 
maize, and crushed Oats three times a day. This is a liberal allow- 
tance, but the custom of milking three times a day renders liberal 
feeding both desirable and profitable. The cows of Mr. Le Provost 
are said to be the best in the island, and are milked four times a 
•day for five or six months after calving. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
June came in w-arm and showery, and grass is abundant at last. 
Bare rickyards are just now a strong reminder of the importance of 
making an ample provision of stack forage for another winter, and the 
-question of hay or silage must now he decided. Ensilage has ease, 
simplicity, economy, and certainty to recommend it. The gra.ss is off 
the land immediately after it is mowm ; there is none of the risk, labour, 
doubt, and expense of haymaking, and the farm animals are all fond of 
and thrive upon it. Very confidently do we predict the general substitu- 
-tion of silage for hay for home consumption ; yet in this, as in most other 
things, farmers are slow to change, even when the advantage of it is so 
obvious, and there will be much more bad hay made and much more 
money wasted before silage takes its proper place in farming economy. 
Well, we can only say once more that all that is necessary to make good 
silage is to mow grass or other green crops, to cart at once, stack 
•on the tare ground, and apply pressure at once and continuously 
sufficiently to exclude air. Only there must be no faint-heartedness, 
no making of little trial heaps, but the stacks must be large and 
^substantial. 
We have now an ample supply of green fodder. Eye is being mo-wn 
a!yd cut up with dry food for all horses not turned out upon grass. 
Fiel 1 Peas of the early sowings are in bloom, but the haulm is so short 
that the crop will be a small one. Fields of early Potatoes have been 
lio-se and hand hoed, but growth has been checked by fro;t. The 
horse hoes are kept going among all root crops, excellent work being 
done by our light iron expansion implements with strong V-shaped 
’iioes, which are decidedly best for all general purposes ; with these 
and quick-stepping Suffolk horses a lot of good work is being done 
just now. 
Mowing machines, horse rakes, and all implements and tools required 
for haymaking or ensilage should be overhauled and got into good work¬ 
ing order at once. Lubricating oil, extra connecting rods, and all parts 
of mowing machines liable to sudden breakage should be procured, such 
provision being of the utmost importance when the busy time comes on 
and every man and horse are wanted at the farm. It is well to be 
beforehand with all such matters, so as to insure rapid progress as the 
pressure of work comes on, so that no time is then wasted, and the work 
goes smoothly and well. 
OUR LETTER BOX. 
Butter not Keeping- Good (Perplexed ).—Your dairy appears 
to be quite clean, and if no foul air enters it from drains or windows it 
should answer perfectly for butter storage. We gather from your secoiad 
letter that the butter keeps better now that the cows are out to grass, 
and we advise you to look closely into the feeding and housing of the 
cows at other seasons of the year, for there is evidently some fault to be 
set right. Avoid using Turnips, and let the only roots used for milch 
cows consist of Carrots in October and two following months, and 
Mangolds from New Year’s Day till turning out time. Care and 
discrimination are required in the use of these as well as of green 
maize and cattle Cabbage, for if the cows are allowed to eat to repletion 
of either roots or green food the butter will be tainted. Avoid linseed 
cake. See that the drinking water is quite pure. Have cowhouse and 
cowsheds w-ell -uffiitewashed with lime fresh from the kiln now that the 
cows are out to grass. See also that the yard drains are in good working 
order. Never suffer the milking to be done in a dirty shed or near foul 
litter, and take especial care that milk pails, milker’s hands, and cow’s 
udders are all clean at milking time. All utensils should first be rinsed 
in cold w'ater, and then washed with hot water. 
Swine Fever in the North. —The counties of Cumberland and 
Westmoreland have enjoyed, thanks to the Chief Constable, a remark¬ 
able immunity from swine fever. In counties which are noted for their 
bacon this is a noteworthy circumstance. Other counties suffered very 
severely last year. In England alone 12,492 diseased swine were 
slaughtered, and 8869 others which had been in contact -with them, and 
the nett amount of compensation paid to the ow-ners amounted to 
nearly £8000. When we find that the neighbouring counties of 
Northumberland, Durham, and Yorkshire were all afflicted by this 
contagious disease—in Yorkshire as many as 1600 pigs being slaughtered 
—and that all the English counties, except Cumberland and Westmore¬ 
land, w-ere more or less sufferers from the fever, the farmers of these 
counties may rejoice that the instructions given by Mr. Dunne to the 
police as to preventing the introduction into these counties of sw-ine 
from the infected districts have been carried out-R-ith so much efficiency. 
Results of this kind should not be forgotten. When a question arose 
recently of giving some reward to the chief officers of police for their 
extra exertions with respect to contagious diseases among cattle, the 
Standing Joint Committee refused to recognise any claim of the kind, 
upon the ground that such work was part of the statuary obligations 
upon the police. There is some difference of opinion as to the operation 
of that principle ; but even if it be routine duty, rewards for special 
efficiency are not unknown in the military and the police service, and 
when next the question comes up for consideration it may be well to 
bear in mind facts such as these with regard to swine fever. A penny 
saved is a penny gained in county affairs as well as in personal expendi¬ 
ture, but by keeping swine fever out of Cumberland and Westmoreland 
the county police have not only saved the pockets of the local rate¬ 
payers directly but they have saved a large amount in the form of 
indirect losses, besides relieving local farmers, salesmen, and retail 
dealers of a vast amount of troirble and inconvenience.—(From the 
CarlUle. Journal, June 5th, 1891.) 
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
CAMDEN SQUARE, LONDON. 
Lat. 61° 3-2- 40" N.; Long. 0° 8' 0" W.; Altitude, 111 feet. 
DATE. 
9 AM. 
IN THE DAY. 
1891. 
Hygrnme- 
C3 . 
Shade Tern- 
Radiation 
a 
-3 
(4 
ter. 
13 rt 
5o 
-U ® iH 
perature. 
Temperature. 
May and June. 
Dry. 
Wet. 
Max 
Min. 
Ia 
sua. 
Oa 
grass 
Sunday.31 
Inches. 
£9.921 
deg 
63.2 
dejr. 
5 ^0 
S.E. 
deg. 
.50.0 
dej?. 
72.0 
de2. 
40.1 
deg. 
110.2 
deg. 
31.3 
In. 
Monday. l 
2^i.907 
04 0 
53.3 
E. 
51.3 
73.2 
48.0 
1!6.0 
33.9 
0.111 
Tuesday .... 2 
29.910 
68.1 
53.9 
N.W. 
64.1 
67.0 
.52.2 
112.9 
62.7 
0.U5 
Wednesday.. 3 
29.882 
fiK.9 
sr.i 
S. 
54.7 
70, () 
55.1 
112.2 
62.7 
0.136 
Thursday.... 4 
£0.74) 
57.9 
57.2 
E 
5 >. 0 
68.0 
51.7 
100,2 
52.9 
0.021 
Kridav . 5 
2:).910 
60.2 
.5.5.9 
S.W. 
,54.8 
71.9 
50.1 
122.0 
45.5 
— 
Saturday .... (! 
20.931 
GO.l 
58.0 
E. 
53.1 
63.1 
50.7 
116.0 
51.1 
— 
29.839 
CJ.O 
5,5.8 
51.6 
70.1 
50.0 
112.8 
46.4 
0.314 
REMARKS. 
3l3‘.—Briglit and warm throughout. 
Jane 1st.—liriglit and war n day. Thunder storm at 10 r.M. 
2Qd.—Cloudy and cool day ; rain in evening. 
3rd.—Glonmi-, heavy, and damp till 10 A.M., then generally overcast, hut occasional 
sunshine. 
4th.—Gloomy and misty, with frequent rain till 3 P.M.; fine and generally bright after. 
5th.—Bright morning; generaily cloudy in afternoon, spots of rain a; 3.15 P.M., and 
ojcasiona iy after. 
Clh.—Overcast morning; freqitently bright ia afternoon. 
Temperature nrar the average, teing a conjiderable ilse above that of the two 
prevlius weeks —Q. J. SrilOXS. 
