June 25, 189L ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
510 
Eoses in pot?, six varieties, open to all.—First, Messrs. W. Jackson, 
and Co,, Bedale. Second, Mr. II. Pybus, Ripon. Third, Miss Steward. 
For twelve in not larger than 9-inch pots, open.—First, Messrs. Jackson 
and Co. Second, Mr. H. Pybus. Third, Mrs. Tetley. Messrs. Jackson 
and Pybus were also the most successful exhibitors in other classes. 
Cut blooms were by no means so numerous as last year or so good, and 
this w'as not to be wondered at. Three lots of seventy-two blooms were 
staged. First, Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale. Second, Messrs. 
D. Prior & Son, Colchester. Third, Mr, Henry May, Bedale. For 
forty-eight, thirty-six, twenty-four, and eighteen varieties Mr. May was 
first, and Messrs. Jackson & Son second for thirty-six and twenty-four. 
For twelve white and yellow Roses Messrs. Harkuess & Sons were first 
with a very good bloom. There were also several classes for amateurs. 
Bouquets and Cut Flowers. —There were three classes for 
bouquets—bridal, ball, and hand, two in each class. Messrs. Perkins 
and Sons, Coventry, won easily in each with their well-known style of 
bouquets. Mr. A. W. Booty, florist, Harrogate, was second for bridal 
and ball bouquets, with the new style of a sort of sugarloaf shape. Some 
charming baskets of flowers w^ere staged, and here Messrs, Perkins was 
first and Mr. Booty second. 
There was a good display of hardy herbaceous flowers, Messrs. Hark¬ 
ness & Sons being first ; the Earl of Carlisle second ; Mr. J. B. Hutchinson, 
Kirby Moorside, third ; and Mr. Thomas Battensby, Blaydon-on-Tyne, 
fourth. Some excellent stands of Pyrethrums were staged, Messrs. 
Harkness & Sons taking first honours for doubles and singles. 
Pansies. —Of these was a very fine display, by far the greatest ever 
seen at York. In the open classes for twenty-four Show varieties 
Mr. A. Lister, Rothesay, was first ; Mr, A. Bailey, jun., Sunderland, 
second ; Mr, T. Battensby, Blaydon-on-Tyne, third. Twenty-four 
Fancies (open) Mr. Bailey, jun., first; Mr. Lister second, Mr. T. Battensby 
third. The several amateur classes were well filled. Mr. Andrew Irvine, 
florist, Tigh-na-bruaich, Scotland, had a superb lot of blooms not for 
competition, including many new varieties and first-class seedlings, to be 
sent out shortly. Of these and other new kinds exhibited here we 
shall give a special notice soon. Mr. A. Lister, florist, Rothesay, had a 
number of fine blooms not for competition, and was awarded a certificate 
for “ Mrs, Gray,” a fine seedling Fancy. Mr. Henry Brooke, florist, 
Durham, had a good display of Fancy Pansies, so also had Mr. Forbes, 
florist, Hawick. Violas w^ere also exhibited in competition, but the 
usual formal style of exhibiting these is objectionable. It is time some 
style was adopted showing more the natural habit of the Viola. No new 
varieties were exhibited. 
Miscellaneous Exhibits. —These, though not numerous, were 
important, and comprised splendid Clematises from Messrs. Richard 
Smith & Co., Worcester ; a very fine collection of Orchids from Messrs. 
Charlesworth & Shuttleworth ; a great and diversified assortment of 
Ferns from Messrs. W. & J. Birkenhead, Sale ; an attractive assortment 
of plants and flowers from Messrs. Cutbush & Sons, Highgate ; and a 
remarkable display of Pansies from Messrs. J. Irvine and Lister, for all 
of which certificates of merit were awarded. 
Fruit. —Fruit is always a great feature of interest to the many thou¬ 
sands who visit this Show, and although the past season has been very 
much against fruit growers, that staged was quite equal to former years, 
the thirteen collections and the single dishes making a most imposing and 
tempting exhibition. Pines were shown well, also black Grapes and 
Peaches. White Grapes were good both in bunch and berry, but wanted 
a little more sun to finish them properly. 
Collections. —The chief class was for ten dishes, and excellent fruit was 
staged by the four competitors. The first prize was won by Mr. 
R.iParker, Impney, who stagediblack Hamburgh Grapes, medium sized, 
and jet black. Foster’s Seedling, quite ripe ; Queen Pine, 6 lbs., and a 
good Lord Carrington ; Blenheim Orange and Golden Gem Melon, 
Stirling Castle Peaches, large and well coloured Nectarines, Lord 
Napier and Pitmaston Orange, and a good dish of Figs. The second 
prize fell to Mr. Dawes, who had massive bunches of Foster’s Seedling 
and Madresfield Court Grapes hardly finished, a good Queen Pine, large 
and handsome Temple Newsam Melon. Mr. Mclndoe was third prize 
winner with a very heavy and imposing lot, a small Queen Pine greatly 
letting this good collection down. The remaining prize was adjudged 
to Mr. Edwards. In the class for six dishes Mr. Mclndoe just managed 
to defeat his old pupi', staging a first class lot. The Black Hamburgh 
Grapes being very massive for the time of year. Grosse Mignonne 
Peaches were large and highly coloured, and he had capital Figs and a 
good Melon. Mr. R. Parker was a close second. A good Queen 5J lbs., 
and Black Hamburgh Foster’s Seedling Grapes being his best dishes. Mr. 
Westcott, Raby Castle, secured the third, and Mr. P. Blair the fourth 
prize in this class. Mr. Mclndoe was first with four dishes, and his 
heavy Hamburghs were again conspicuous, Mr. Westcott following 
with good Grapes and Peaches. Mr. Leadbeater third. Mr. Slade was 
first with a heavy Queen Pine, and Mr. Parker second. 
Grajjcs. —The class for three bunches of Black Hamburghs brought 
out seven competitors, all staging w’ell. Mr. Allsopp, gardener to Lord 
Hotham, Avas placed first with grand bunches, large and even berries, 
and well finished. Mr. Mclndoe second with larger bunches, and Mr. 
Anderson, Cattal, York, third. In the white Grape class, three bunches, 
Mr. Allsopp was again easily first with Buckland, model bunches ; Mr. 
Wallis, Kirby Hall, second, with Foster’s Seedling ; and Mr. Anderson 
third with Muscat of Alexandria. 
Peaches. —These were very good throughout. Mr. Upjohn w^as first 
with grand Stirling Castle ; Mr. Wallis, Keele Hall, second, with large 
and well coloured Hale’s Early. In the class for Nectarines Mr. P. 
Blair was placed first, and Mr. Parker second. 
Melons, scarlet-fleshed.—Mr. Mclndoe took the lead with a small 
fruit called Scarlet Model. Second, Mr. Riddell, Castle Howard. 
Melon, white-flesh, Mr. Clayton was placed first, and Mr. Westcott 
second ; and for the green-flesh class Mr. Riddell was first, and Mr, 
Edmonds second. 
Mr. Wallis and Mr. Blair were first and second respectively for Figs. 
Mr. R. Dawes taking the lead with Cherries, showing a grand dish of 
Black Circassian. Mr. P. Blair was first in the Strawberry class, 
staging a splendid dish of Sir Harry. Mr. Hare second Avith President. 
Mr. Upjohn AA^as first for Tomatoes, shoAving a variety called Smith’s 
Favourite. 
In the afternoon of the first day the Council, Committees, visitors, 
chief exhibitors, and Judges lunched together. Alderman Sir Joseph 
Terry, J.P., Chairman, ably presiding, supported by the Lord Mayor of 
York and other city dignitaries, Avith the Mayor of Leeds and repre¬ 
sentatives from Newcastle and other northern toAvns. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Peaches and Nectarines.— Forced Trees. —Very early and 
continuous forcing to have the fruit ripe in May taxes the energies of 
the trees severely, inasmuch as they have to make the growth during the- 
early spring months and mature it in early summer. Therefore, after 
the fruit is all gathered, ventilate to the fullest extent, if possible 
removing the roof lights entirely by the middle of July, or earlier if the 
Aveather be hot and the groAvths are sufficiently matured. If the roof 
lights are not moveable, in addition to ventilation to the fullest possible 
extent, the border should be frequently damped and duly Avatered, so as 
to keep the foliage fresh, and no check given likely to induce the 
premature ripening of the young Avood and leaves. Keep the latter free 
from red spider by syringing occasionally, and if necessary apply an 
insecticide, as it is of the greatest importance that the foliage be kept 
healthful and ripened naturally. Laterals must be stopped, but where 
there is space to allow of groAvth being made encourage it, as a steady 
and progressive groAvth by promoting root action will prevent the buds 
and foliage maturing too early. All shoots that have supported fruit 
and are no longer required should be removed to let air and light freely 
to the growths, and if there is too much crowding of the shoots for next, 
year’s bearing thin them well to admit sun for the solidification of those 
left, and the action of water upon the foliage to cleanse and keep it free 
from red spider. 
Houses with Fruit Ripening. —Except on cold nights and in dull 
weather, to maintain steady progress, with the admission of a little air 
constantly to insure flavour, fire heat will not be necessary, but later 
varieties may need assistance in swelling and finishing, therefore circum¬ 
stances must be taken into consideration. A temperature of 60° to 65'^ 
at night and 70° to 75° by day, Avith 10° to 15° more from sun heat, are 
essential to the full SAA’elling off and securing of quality in the fruit. 
Afford moderate air moisture for the benefit of the foliage, and do not 
alloAv the border to become dry and cracked, but supply Avater as- 
required, and a mulching of spent, rather lumpy, but not decayed 
material will keep the surface in a condition favourable to the activity 
of the roots, and that without overdue atmospheric moisture. If the 
weather be very bright some netting spread over the roof lights will be an 
advantage in preserving the delicate skinned varieties, such as Noblesse^ 
from unduly heating by the sun’s rays, causing the fruit to ripen at the 
apex greatly in advance of those on the loAver parts, and the fruit not 
infrequently decays there through over-ripeness, Avhilst the loAA'er part is 
quite hard. These, indeed all fruits, are better ripened gradually than by 
being much heated, as is sometimes done under the large and clear panes 
of glass rightly employed in modern fruit houses. A double thickness of 
herring nets or a single thickness of pilchard net drawn over the roof 
lights Avill sufficiently break the most poAverful sunlight, ensuring the 
fruit ripening evenly. 
Young Trees. —Disbudding must be practised on all groAvths not 
required, and in young trees is apt to be neglected until the growths are 
considerably advanced. This is a great mistake, as it not only weakens 
the growths essential for forming the principal branches, but in removing 
them at a late period wounds are made that induce gumming, and the 
shoots receive so much sap that they push laterals and fav’our grossness 
instead of sturdy groAvth Avell solidified as made. The principal branches, 
or shoots to form them, should be 12 to 15 inches apart, and the shoots for 
next year’s fruiting originated from the previous year’s shoots disposed 
about 15 inches asunder along them, stopping them if necessary at that 
extent of growth, and the laterals to one joint as produced. The ex¬ 
tension, or main shoots-, should be trained in their full length, provided 
they are evenly balanced. If the shoots on one side are stronger than 
the other, depress the strong and elevate the weak, so as to induce an 
equal distribution of vigour throughout the tree. Any gross shoots may 
be stopped, as they are a great inducement to gumming. Indeed, trees 
gross when young, seldom turn out healthy, therefore it is better to cut 
out excessively strong Avood, encouraging the short-jointed and sturdy. 
Ventilate early in the day, increase it Avith the advancing temperature, 
