122 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[April, 
Contents for April, 1873. 
Calendar for April. 
Apple, Origin of the Baldwin. 143 
Barbarisms, Modern.138 
Bees, Advice to Beginners.129 
Blackberries, Management of.. Illustrated. .143 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Doctor’s Talk about a Can¬ 
dle-Aunt Sue’s Puzzle-Bos—A Friendly Visitor. 
6 Illustrations. .147,148 
Buckeye, The Spanish. Illustrated.. 141 
Calves, Hog-Dressed. Illustrated. .132 
Carnations and Pinks, Propagation of.142 
Cattle, West-Highland. Illustrated. .133 
Codling-Moth again.142 
Corn Planting.3 Illustrations. .139 
Farm, Earl of Warwick’s Sewage.139 
Farmers and Patents. 137 
Fence-Posts, Driving.3 Illustrations. .136 
Fish-Oil and Scrap Business.139 
Flower-Garden and Lawn for April.124 
Fruit Garden for April.123 
Gearing, Wooden. Illustrated.. 136 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for April.124 
Hints about Work.122 
Horses, Three to aWagon.4 Illustrations. .138 
Horticultural Items, Foreign.143 
Household Department—Cistern, or Water Hogshead 
—Mending Broken China—Illumination and Lamps 
—Home Topics—Recipes. Illustrated.. 143,140 
Jessamine, Carolina or Yellow. Illustrated.. 144 
Kitchen Garden for April.123 
Market Reports.124 
Milk-Pans, New Style of. 130 
Obituary—Prof. John Torrey. Illustrated. .121, 130 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 38—Social Position of Far¬ 
mers—Barns—Feeding Turnips—English Plowing 
—Manure Question.131, 132 
Orchard and Nursery for April.123 
Pastni-s, Permanent.135 
Peaches nere and in England.143 
Peaches, New or Little Known.141 
Plant-Covers or Protectors.. Illustrated.. 143 
Pulleys, L T se of..4 Illustrations. .137 
Root-Slicer, An Improved. Illustrated. .136 
Saw-Set and Gauge.3 Illustrations. .137 
Screens, Water-proof.143 
Sheep, Scab in.138 
Soiling Crop for Hot, Dry Summers.130 
Stumps, Burning. Illustrated.. 136 
Swine—Small Breed of Pigs.130 
Tomato Premium, How it was Won. Illustrated. .144 
Tree and Plant Swindlers.143 
Trochar or Cattle-Men. 2 Illustrations. .130 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 112—Manure, Sci¬ 
ence, and Agriculture—Essex Pigs — Orchards— 
Top-dressing Grass Land.133,135 
Willow, The Shining. Illustrated. .141 
Woodchuck, Curiously Deformed. Illustrated.. 133 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” 
Barley and Beets.126 
Barn Plan.127 
B'st Clover.126 
Billion? What is a .128 
Bitter Milk.126 
BookNotices.129 
Botany.125 
Bowels, Looseness of_128 
Butter for Market.126 
Catalogues Received... .129 
Cattle,' Stall-Feeding... 128 
Choked Horse.127 
Cleaning Sleigh-Bells.. .127 
Clover Hay or Rye and 
Oats .. .126 
Constructing a Cistern .. 127 
Corn, Plowing for.128 
Corn. Feeding.128 
Cows, Best Roots forM i Ich 128 
Death of Dr. Shnrtleff. ..129 
“ “ J. S. Downer. 129 
“ “ Sam’l Feast... .129 
Do Bots Kill ?.127 
Draining Salt Marshes. ..126 
Dry Cellar.127 
Failing Fowls... .127 
Farming, How to Learn .128 
Farming in Ct.., Special..128 
Feed f >r Cows.127 
Fish Guano.126 
French Correspondence .125 
Frost-Work on Glass... .128 
Gale, Automatic.128 
Geo. M. Patchen.128 
Gerard i as.128 
Girdled Trees.127 
Grass. Harrowing Young 128 
Greenhouse Queries.126 
Grist Windmills.127 
Hand Corn-Drills.129 
Hard Times.127 
IIow many Rows ?.128 
How much Butter?.127 
Indigestion.127 
Lambs Dying.127 
Lampas.126 
Land. Value of..128 
Late Rose. 125 
Lawns and Mowers.129 
Leaky Cistern.127 
OU SHORTER ARTICLES. 
“ Lucy Maria ”.125 
Manure, Cheap.129 
Manure, Distillery Pig..128 
Manure from Ton of Hay.129 
Manure, Spreading.128 
Manuring Clover.127 
Milk in the South, Price 128 
Milk Farming.127 
Milk, Worms in.128 
Minnesota Colony.129 
Money in Poultry.126 
Mount Hope Nurseries. .125 
Oregon, Inquiries from. .128 
Original Fence .126 
Palpitation of Heart.... 127 
Parsnips, Feeding.128 
Pea-Meal.127 
Peas in S. Ill.126 
Peat Swamp.125 
Perrin Farmers’Club.. .127 
Persian Cyclamen.126 
Plaster on'Potatoes.128 
Plow, Best Potato.128 
Plowing for Beans.127 
Potatoes, Superphos¬ 
phate for.128 
Potato Premiums.125 
Poultry House.125 
Prolific Bean.127 
Rizena.129 
Rooting in Meadows... .129 
Sap-Spouts.127 
Sawdust for Manure.128 
Seeding a Meadow.126 
Seeding Orchards.126 
Small Potatoes.,.129 
Soaper’s Waste . 125 
Squashes, Large.129 
Stretches.127 
Subsoiling, Does it Dry 
the Surface.12S 
Sundry Humbugs.125 
Sweet-Potato. ...128 
To Inquirers. .125 
Trouble with Sheep.127 
Value of an Essex.127 
Veterinary Surgeon.126 
Utilizing Blood.127 
Wells, Drive.128 
Winter in N. W.-129 
Boston,NEng- 
N. Y. Cit!/, CL, 
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PHASES OF THE MOON. 
MOON. 
BOSTON. 
N. YORK. 
WASII’N. 
CHA’STON 
CHICAGO. 
1st Quart 
Full M’n 
3d Quart. 
Netv M’n 
D. 
4 
12 
20 
26 
FI. M. 
1 52 ev. 
5 7 ev. 
1 4 m. 
5 58 ev. 
II. 51. 
1 40 ev. 
4 55 ev. 
0 52 in. 
5 46 ev. 
It. 51. 
1 28 ev. 
4 43 ev. 
0 40 m. 
5 34 ev. 
n. 51. 
1 16 ev. 
4 31 ev. 
0 28 m. 
5 22 ev. 
II. M. 
0 46 ev. 
4 1 ev. 
11 58 19th 
4 52 ev. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, APRIL, 1873. 
The winter has been a gloomy one, and we are 
glad the spring is come. We shall have less time 
to brood over our difficulties. We must take our 
coats off and go to work. The good ship Agricul¬ 
ture has weathered many a storm. Some timid 
ones are just now proposing to run her on shore. 
They think she is going to the bottom. They had 
better man the pumps, stop up the leaks, and make 
things snug and tight. Keep away from the rocks 
of speculation, combination, and indolence. In 
the open sea there is no real danger—only a little 
privation. The storm will blow over, and we shall 
laugh at our fears. If we could put the croakers 
on shore we would. We have not much respect 
for the men who propose to throw the provisions 
overboard. Neither have we much sympathy with 
those farmers who propose to get up a combination 
to “produce only half a crop, and thus advance 
prices fourfold.” Such men are not farmers. 
They have no right to such an honorable name. 
No real, kind-hearted farmer wishes to see the poor 
widows and orphans in our cities compelled to pay 
§40 a barrel for flour or 50 cents a pound for poor 
beef and mutton. The writer is a farmer and the 
son of a farmer, but lie wants no fellowship with 
men who seriously entertain such sentiments. 
“He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse 
him ; but blessings shall he upon the head of him 
that selletli it.” 
The true remedy for “ hard times ” is hard work. 
“In all labor there is profit; but the talk of the 
lips tendeth only to penury.” “ He that tilleth his 
land shall have plenty of bread; but he that fol- 
lowetli after vain persons shall have poverty 
enough.” 
As we said before, we are glad the season for 
work is come. AVe shall feel better when we get 
into the fields and turn up the fresh soil. It is not 
true that we are producing too much wheat or too 
much good beef, mutton, cheese, butter, and wool. 
Wheat will be very scarce before next harvest, and 
even a partial failure of the crop now on the laud 
would send wheat up to famine prices before the 
harvest of 1874. 
' Our aim as farmers must be, not to produce less, 
and not necessarily to produce more, but rather to 
produce a better article at less cost to ourselves. 
Sooner or later an article will bring what it is 
worth; and no combination can long make it 
bring more than it is worth. There is nothing in 
the present outlook to discourage a good fanner. 
Hints about Work. 
What is Work ?—We have said hard work is the 
only remedy for hard times. By hard work we do 
not mean necessarily back-breaking, muscle-strain¬ 
ing labor. A man might work very hard digging 
a garden that could just as well be plowed ; or he 
might work hard breaking the lumps of manure on 
the land by band that could be just as well broken 
to pieces with a harrow. We mean by hard work 
effective work. We mean labor that tells. 
Hard IForZ: is doing what your reason and your 
better judgment tell you ought to be done, and 
doing it promptly, at the right time, whether you 
feel like it or not. 
Laying Plans and writing down what you intend 
to do and how to do it, is often the hardest kind of 
work for a farmer. 
Read over your List of Things to be Lone .—It is no 
use laying plans unless you carry them out. Read 
over what you have written down. Make up your 
mind what ought to be done first, and then go at 
it and stick to it until it is done. 
Hiring Farm Men .—Make up your mind how 
many men you will need, and if not already done, 
hire them now for the season. Wages are high, 
and we must all try to get along with as little help 
as possible. 
The Best Men are the Cheapest .—This is true whe¬ 
ther you hoard your men or let them board them¬ 
selves ; but it is especially true in the former case. 
Better give a good man §25 a month and board 
than a poor man §18 and board. It is worth §10 a 
month to board a man. One will cost you §35 a 
month and the other §28, while a good, skillful, 
reliable, experienced farm hand will accomplish 
twice tlie work of the stupid, careless man whp 
cares nothing for your interest and thinks about 
nothing but his money and his dinner. 
Married Men are the most reliable. Build good 
houses for them, and make it worth their while to 
stay with you year after year. 
Give theBoysWork, and take pains to teach them. 
It is to this source that we must look for our best 
farm men. 
Furnish the Boys Good Tools .—Do not work them 
too hard. Do not impose upon them, and thus 
disgust them with farming. A boy’s sense of jus¬ 
tice is very keen. Do not let the farm men order 
the boys about, and make them run errands, and 
do all the disagreeable things. 
Flowing .—Start the plows as soon as the frost is 
out of the ground and the soil dry enough to 
crumble to pieces. 
Barley is usually sown on corn stubble. We 
have plowed land for barley in a dry spring as soon 
as the first five or six inches of the surface soil 
was thawed out, while underneath there was a bed 
of frozen earth. An d we never had a better crop— 
over 50 bushels per acre. 
Sow the Barley as fast as the land is plowed. If 
sown broadcast, scatter the seed on the furrows 
before barrowing. Then cultivate and barrow. 
If drilled, which is by flu - the better plan, cultivate 
and harrow first. Then drill and follow with a 
light harrow. We drill in two bushels per acre. 
If broadcast, is none too much seed. 
Six-rowed Barley brings a higher price than two- 
rowed, and when the crop is to be sold is the more 
profitable kind to sow. For feeding out on the 
farm the two-rowed should be grown. It is heavier, 
more nutritious, produces more straw, and does 
not ripen until after the winter wheat is cut. The 
six-rowed is usually ripe at the same time as wheat, 
and both crops have to be attended to at the same 
time. 
Roll the Barley Land .—This is very important, 
not so much for the benefit of the growing plants 
