14:2 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[April, 
er,” notes upon some of these varieties, and 
thinking that they will be of interest to fruit¬ 
growers generally, we reproduce them : 
Muscogee. —Among the many subvarieties of 
the Columbia or Indian peach, which we have 
had occasion to notice, this is one which pos¬ 
sesses marked characteristics, and is particularly 
distinct from the usual slight deviations of the 
type in being a wliite-fleshed freestone. It or¬ 
iginated in Columbus, Ga., by Mr. J. C. Cook, 
who sent us specimens in August, 1868. From 
the seeds of these peaches we raised several 
trees which sported unusually, some being white 
clingstones of inferior quality, others almost 
identical with the parent. One of the seedlings, 
fruiting first in 1870, produced specimens meas¬ 
uring ten inches in circumference, and has dur¬ 
ing tiie succeeding years continued to give 
equally as large and fine fruit. 
Size large to very large, round or a little one¬ 
sided ; skin dingy yellow, nearly covered with 
crimson, and a very dark brownish crimson 
cheek, spotted and striped with darker colored 
stripes and very downy. Flesh white, with a 
few red veins around the stone, melting, juicy, 
and very good; stone small and quite round ; 
maturity from August 1st until the 20th, accord¬ 
ing to season; freestone; wood, foliage, and 
habit of growth similar to the Columbia ;. 
Darby. —Large, round, suture distinct, and 
with a deep furrow on opposite side; skin 
creamy white, with a faint wash of red; flesh 
pure white to the stone, finely grained, juicy, 
sweet, and of fine aroma; clingstone; maturity, 
end of October; qualify very good; tree com¬ 
pact and regular grower. 
We find this subvariety of the Heath Cling a 
very desirable late peach, and of a quality much 
superior to the usual very late ripening varieties. 
It originated at Newberry, S. C;, by Messrs. P. 
W. & R. S. Chick, who deserve great credit in 
having introduced this fruit. & 
Thurber. —When the Chinese Cling became 
known, it at once took precedence above all 
early clingstones, and deservedly so, as there is 
no clingstone peach ripening at any time dur¬ 
ing the peach season that can surpass it. For a 
number of years seedlings of tiie Chinese Cling 
were made with the expectation of producing 
a variety that would combine the qualities of 
the parent with the additional merit of being a 
freestone. After repeated experiments the 
wished-for variety was obtained, and after two 
seasons of production, we are warranted to say 
that it equals the Chinese Cling in size and ap¬ 
pearance, as well as quality, and we can not 
better describe it than to compare it with that 
famous variety in every respect except being a 
freestone. The foliage and appearance of the 
tree are identical with the parent, but the growth 
is less straggling and assumes a more compact 
form. This fruit is due to the care and skill of 
Dr. L. E. Berckmans, and, by permission from 
the producer, has been dedicated to our friend, 
Prof. George Thurber, chief editor of the Ameri¬ 
can Agriculturist. 
Picquet’s Late. —In the January number of 
“ Rural Alabamian,” the editor says: “ This va¬ 
riety is by no means as widely known and 
planted as it should be. For its season, it is 
the evidence of all who have fruited it that it 
has no compeer. Large to very large, bright 
yellow, and of most excellent quality, it can not 
fail to become one of our most profitable mar¬ 
ket peaches, ripening as it does when good 
peaches are scarce, and the trees being fine 
growers and abundant bearers. Season, first 
half of September; freestone.” 
This magnificent peach originated in the or¬ 
chard of Antoine Picquet, Belair, Ga. In 
1858 we cut the grafts from the original tree, 
which died the following year. After fruiting 
it for four consecutive seasons we put it in the 
trade, feeling assured at that time that it was 
destined to become a most valuable market 
peach. In this we have not been disappointed, 
and it is a source of congratulation to us to have 
added this peach to our list of superior fruits 
and saved it from destruction. It ripens with 
the Smock, to which it is immensely superior in 
size, appearance, and quality. The Salway also 
matures at the same time, but is also inferior to 
the Picquets, from a limited experience in fruit¬ 
ing tiie former and from reports of others who 
fruited both varieties side by side. 
Propagation of Carnations and Pinks. 
BY PETER HENDERSON. 
“ An Amateur,” from Des Moines, Iowa, 
complains that he has no success in rooting cut¬ 
tings of either Carnations or Pinks, although he 
never fails in Fuchsias, Geraniums, Coleus, Ver¬ 
benas, or Begonias. Tiie varieties he succeeds 
with we all find to root quicker than the Carna¬ 
tion or Pink, but not more surely if the proper 
conditions be observed. These conditions are 
that the plant of Carnation or Pink from which 
the cuttings are taken must be in a healthy, 
growing condition. The temperature of the 
sand of the propagating bench in which the 
cutting is inserted should range from 65° to 75°, 
and the atmosphere 15 degrees less. The sand 
must always be kept moist, and great care must 
be taken that neither sun nor drafts of air strike 
the cuttings long enough to wilt or shrivel them, 
for if once shriveled nearly all hope of rooting 
them is gone. But these conditions of tempera¬ 
ture are not likely to be obtained easily by 
amateurs, so I again recommend, as the safest 
of all methods of propagating, the saucer system 
already described by me in your columns, and 
also in my work “ Practical Floriculture,” as the 
best method of propagating Carnations, Roses, 
or in fact anything else in the small way. 
Origin of the Baldwin Apple. 
BY CHARLES DOWNING. 
[In August last, we published an article from 
a well-known literary lady, giving her history 
of the Baldwin. After its appearance we re¬ 
ceived several letters from various quarters, 
each giving a different story about the apple. 
To publish all these accounts would leave the 
matter more confused than before, and we 
thought it wisest, amid conflicting stories, to 
drop the matter for the time. This did not suit 
some who, because we would not publish their 
particular stories, considered us unfair, but we 
preferred to wait for something positive, which 
we now have from Mr. Downing, who has a 
keen eye for anything relating to the history of 
American fruits.—E d.] 
In your paper of last year, 1872, page 303, 
“ Mrs. E. Oakes Smith gives the origin of the 
Baldwin apple, saying it originated with Josiali 
Pearce, town of Bait!win, Maine, about 60 years 
ago,” but in looking over the history of Woburn, 
Mass., by Samuel Sewall, A.M., which was 
kindly sent me by J. W. Manning, of Reading, 
Mass., I find the following history, which ap¬ 
pears to me the most correct one. “ As Col. 
Soammi Baldwin was one day, about the year 
1780, surveying land at a place called Butters 
Row, in Wilmington, Middlesex County, Mass., 
near the bounds of that town, Woburn and 
Burlington, he observed one or more wood¬ 
peckers continually flying to a certain tree, 
growing on land of Mr. James Butlers, hard by. 
Prompted by curiosity to ascertain the cause of 
their frequenting that tree, he at length went to 
it; and finding under ft apples of an excellent 
flavor and well worth cultivating, he returned 
to the tree the next spring, aud took from it 
cions to graft iuto stocks of his own. Other 
persons in that vicinity, induced by his example 
or advice, grafted trees of theirs soon after with 
cions from the same stock, and subsequently, 
whenever Col. Baldwin attended court, or went 
into different parts of the county as high 
sheriff, he was accustomed to carry cions of 
this variety of apple with him, and to distribute 
them among his friends; so this species of fruit 
soon came to be extensively known and culti¬ 
vated. The original tree, it is said, was blown 
down in the famous ‘ September gale,’ in 1815.” 
“ At first apples of this description were called 
by many 1 Butters apples,’ from the name of the 
person upon whose lancl'the original tree was 
found ; and by others Woodpecker apples, from 
the bird whose constant flight attracted the 
notice of Col. Baldwin, and led to the discovery 
of the excellency of the fruit which grew on it. 
But, on a certain day (it is reported), when Col. 
Baldwin had a party of gentlemen at his house 
to dine, he set before them a dish of these ap¬ 
ples; and one of his guests, admiring their good 
qualities, asked him by what name they were 
known? ‘By no name in particular,’ the 
Colonel replied; ‘call them, if you please, 
Baldwin apples.’ And tiiis has ever since been 
their common name.” 
-«»-«— -»-•»- 
The Codling-Moth Again. 
Tie greatest obstacle to profitable apple-cul¬ 
ture is the Codling-Moth. This lays its eggs in 
the blossom end of the fruit, and the larva or 
“ worm ” eats its way into the young apple, feeds 
upon its substance, and when it has reached 
maturity goes forth to find a place where it can 
hide, spin a cocoon, and then appear as a moth 
to do the same thing over again. This insect 
can be best attacked as a chrysalis or cocoon. 
It naturally hides itself, when about to under¬ 
go its change, under scales of the bark or in its 
crevices, and as it accepts the readiest shelter, 
traps are devised which take advantage of this 
instinct of the insect. Hay ropes and bands of 
various kinds put around the trees, and removed 
from time to time to destroy the worms, have 
long been used, and last year we figured a trap, 
patented by Mr. Wier, which operated upon 
the same principle. At the annual meeting of 
the Michigan State Pomological Society, Mr. B. 
Hathaway proposed a trap which he has found 
successful, and which possesses the merit of bei ng 
unpatented. [Note .—Wcjust here wish to ex¬ 
press our thanks to one man (Mr. B. Hathaway, 
nurseryman, of Little Prairie Rond, Mich.) who 
can present to his fellow fruit-growers a useful 
device, and has public spirit enough not to patent 
it, and we hope that all who have occasion to 
buy fruits in that portion of the country will 
show their appreciation of this act, as we do by 
giving Mr. H., whom we do not personally know,, 
this first-class notice.] Mr. II., in making berry- 
boxes for lus fruit trade, uses veneers, and he 
takes this same material for his moth-trap. A 
strip of veneer 4 inches wide and long enough 
to encircle the tree, is soaked in water to make 
